music-assistant-server

1"""
2Protocol Linking Mixin for the Player Controller.
3
4Handles all logic for linking protocol players (AirPlay, Chromecast, DLNA) to
5native players or wrapping them in Universal Players.
6
7This module provides the ProtocolLinkingMixin class which is inherited by
8PlayerController to add protocol linking capabilities.
9"""
10
11from __future__ import annotations
12
13import asyncio
14import logging
15from contextlib import suppress
16from copy import deepcopy
17from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
18
19from music_assistant_models.enums import (
20    EventType,
21    IdentifierType,
22    PlaybackState,
23    PlayerFeature,
24    PlayerType,
25    ProviderType,
26)
27from music_assistant_models.errors import PlayerCommandFailed, PlayerUnavailableError
28from music_assistant_models.player import OutputProtocol
29
30from music_assistant.constants import (
31    CONF_CACHED_ARP_MAC,
32    CONF_GROUP_MEMBERS,
33    CONF_LINKED_PROTOCOL_IDS,
34    CONF_PLAYER_DSP,
35    CONF_PLAYER_QUEUES,
36    CONF_PLAYERS,
37    CONF_PREFERRED_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL,
38    CONF_PROTOCOL_KEY_SPLITTER,
39    CONF_PROTOCOL_PARENT_ID,
40    CONF_REPORTED_MAC,
41    CONF_UNDERLYING_PLAYER_ID,
42    PROTOCOL_PRIORITY,
43    VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
44)
45from music_assistant.helpers.util import (
46    is_locally_administered_mac,
47    is_valid_mac_address,
48    normalize_mac_for_matching,
49)
50from music_assistant.models.player import Player
51from music_assistant.providers.sync_group.constants import CONF_ALLOWED_MEMBERS
52from music_assistant.providers.universal_player import UniversalPlayer, UniversalPlayerProvider
53from music_assistant.providers.universal_player.constants import (
54    CONF_DEVICE_IDENTIFIERS,
55    CONF_DEVICE_INFO,
56)
57
58if TYPE_CHECKING:
59    from collections.abc import Coroutine
60    from typing import Any
61
62    from music_assistant import MusicAssistant
63
64# Config value keys that are bookkeeping of the universal player wrapper itself
65# (protocol links and device-identity caches) and must never be carried over
66# when a native player replaces a universal player.
67UNIVERSAL_PLAYER_INTERNAL_CONF_KEYS = (
68    CONF_LINKED_PROTOCOL_IDS,
69    CONF_PROTOCOL_PARENT_ID,
70    CONF_UNDERLYING_PLAYER_ID,
71    CONF_DEVICE_IDENTIFIERS,
72    CONF_DEVICE_INFO,
73    CONF_CACHED_ARP_MAC,
74    CONF_REPORTED_MAC,
75)
76
77
78class ProtocolLinkingMixin:
79    """
80    Mixin class providing protocol linking functionality for PlayerController.
81
82    Handles the complex logic of:
83    - Matching protocol players to native players via device identifiers
84    - Creating Universal Players for devices without native support
85    - Managing protocol links and their lifecycle
86    - Selecting the best output protocol for playback
87
88    This mixin expects to be mixed with a class that provides:
89    - mass: MusicAssistant instance
90    - _players: dict of registered players
91    - _pending_protocol_evaluations: dict of pending protocol evaluations
92    - logger: logging.Logger instance
93    - all(): method to get all players
94    - get(): method to get a player by ID
95    - unregister(): method to unregister a player
96    """
97
98    # Type hints for attributes provided by the class this mixin is used with
99    if TYPE_CHECKING:
100        mass: MusicAssistant
101        _players: dict[str, Player]
102        _pending_protocol_evaluations: dict[str, asyncio.TimerHandle]
103        _delayed_evaluation_lock: asyncio.Lock
104        logger: logging.Logger
105
106        def all_players(  # noqa: D102
107            self,
108            return_unavailable: bool = True,
109            return_disabled: bool = False,
110            provider_filter: str | None = None,
111            return_protocol_players: bool = False,
112        ) -> list[Player]: ...
113
114        def get_player(self, player_id: str) -> Player | None: ...  # noqa: D102
115
116        def unregister(  # noqa: D102
117            self, player_id: str, permanent: bool = False
118        ) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, None]: ...
119
120    def _is_protocol_player(self, player: Player) -> bool:
121        """
122        Check if a player is a generic protocol player without native support.
123
124        Protocol players have PlayerType.PROTOCOL set by their provider, indicating
125        they are generic streaming endpoints (e.g., AirPlay receiver, Chromecast device)
126        without vendor-specific native support in Music Assistant.
127        """
128        return player.state.type == PlayerType.PROTOCOL
129
130    def _evaluate_protocol_links(self, player: Player) -> None:
131        """
132        Evaluate and establish protocol links for a player.
133
134        Called when a player is registered to:
135        1. If it's from a protocol provider - try to link to a native player.
136        2. If it's a native player - try to link any existing protocol players.
137        """
138        if player.state.type == PlayerType.PROTOCOL:
139            # Protocol player: try to find a native parent
140            self._try_link_protocol_to_native(player)
141        elif player.state.type == PlayerType.GROUP:
142            return
143        else:
144            # A player that registers with a non-protocol type can no longer be a
145            # protocol child: drop a leftover persisted parent link (e.g. from a
146            # bridge client that turned web player) so the startup repair pass
147            # doesn't heal its player type back to protocol.
148            if self._get_cached_protocol_parent_id(player.player_id):
149                self._clear_protocol_parent_id(player.player_id)
150            # Native player (including STEREO_PAIR): try to find protocol players to link
151            self._try_link_protocols_to_native(player)
152
153    def _try_link_protocol_to_native(self, protocol_player: Player) -> None:
154        """Try to link a protocol player to a native player."""
155        protocol_domain = protocol_player.provider.domain
156
157        # Derived protocol players (e.g. Sendspin bridges riding on another
158        # protocol) resolve strictly via their underlying player - no identifier
159        # matching or delayed evaluation. If the underlying player has no parent
160        # yet, the link is established by _link_derived_protocols_of as soon as
161        # the underlying player gets linked.
162        if protocol_player.underlying_player_id:
163            self._try_link_derived_protocol(protocol_player)
164            return
165
166        # Check for cached parent_id from previous session and restore link immediately
167        cached_parent_id = self._get_cached_protocol_parent_id(protocol_player.player_id)
168        if cached_parent_id:
169            result = self._try_restore_cached_parent(
170                protocol_player, cached_parent_id, protocol_domain
171            )
172            if result:
173                return
174            # Link was refused or parent has active domain - fall through to search
175
176        # Look for a matching native player
177        if self._try_link_to_existing_player(protocol_player, protocol_domain):
178            return
179
180        # No native player found - schedule delayed evaluation to allow other protocols to register
181        if not protocol_player.protocol_parent_id:
182            self._schedule_protocol_evaluation(protocol_player)
183
184    def _try_restore_cached_parent(
185        self, protocol_player: Player, cached_parent_id: str, protocol_domain: str
186    ) -> bool:
187        """
188        Try to restore a cached parent link from a previous session.
189
190        :param protocol_player: The protocol player to link.
191        :param cached_parent_id: The cached parent player ID.
192        :param protocol_domain: The protocol domain (e.g., "airplay").
193        :return: True if handled (linked or waiting), False if should fall through.
194        """
195        if parent_player := self.get_player(cached_parent_id):
196            if parent_player.state.type == PlayerType.GROUP:
197                self._clear_protocol_parent_id(protocol_player.player_id)
198                return False
199            already_linked = any(
200                link.output_protocol_id == protocol_player.player_id
201                for link in parent_player.linked_output_protocols
202            )
203            if already_linked:
204                # Already linked from a previous call - just restore parent and identifiers
205                protocol_player.set_protocol_parent_id(cached_parent_id)
206            else:
207                # Try to add the link (may be refused if domain already has active link)
208                self._add_protocol_link(parent_player, protocol_player, protocol_domain)
209            if protocol_player.protocol_parent_id:
210                protocol_player.refresh_state()
211                parent_player.refresh_state()
212                # Merge the protocol player's identifiers into the universal player
213                # so identifiers discovered since the last persist (e.g. an
214                # ARP-resolved MAC) are included and new protocol players
215                # (like Sendspin bridges) can match via identifiers.
216                if parent_player.provider.domain == "universal_player" and isinstance(
217                    parent_player, UniversalPlayer
218                ):
219                    for conn_type, value in protocol_player.device_info.identifiers.items():
220                        parent_player.device_info.add_identifier(conn_type, value)
221                    self._update_universal_device_info(parent_player, protocol_player)
222                    # Check if this universal player should now be merged with another
223                    # (e.g., DLNA brought a MAC via ARP that matches an AirPlay universal)
224                    self._check_merge_universal_players(parent_player)
225                return True
226            # Link was refused (domain already active on parent) - fall through
227            return False
228
229        # Parent is not registered yet. Leave the protocol player unparented
230        # so the caller schedules delayed evaluation, which can wait for the
231        # cached parent without stranding the protocol player on a dangling id.
232        return False
233
234    def _try_link_to_existing_player(self, protocol_player: Player, protocol_domain: str) -> bool:
235        """
236        Try to link a protocol player to an existing native or universal player.
237
238        :param protocol_player: The protocol player to link.
239        :param protocol_domain: The protocol domain (e.g., "airplay").
240        :return: True if linked successfully, False if no match found.
241        """
242        # Protocol players should only link to:
243        # 1. True native players (Sonos, etc.)
244        # 2. Universal players
245        # NOT to other protocol players (they get merged via universal_player)
246        for native_player in self.all_players(return_protocol_players=False):
247            if native_player.player_id == protocol_player.player_id:
248                continue
249            if native_player.state.type in (PlayerType.PROTOCOL, PlayerType.GROUP):
250                continue
251
252            # For universal players, check if this protocol player is in its stored list
253            # or if identifiers match (for new protocol players like Sendspin bridges
254            # that weren't previously known to the Universal Player)
255            if native_player.provider.domain == "universal_player":
256                if isinstance(native_player, UniversalPlayer):
257                    is_known = protocol_player.player_id in native_player._protocol_player_ids
258                    is_match = not is_known and self._identifiers_match(
259                        native_player, protocol_player, protocol_domain
260                    )
261                    if is_known or is_match:
262                        self._add_protocol_link(native_player, protocol_player, protocol_domain)
263                        # Check if linking actually succeeded (may be refused for
264                        # duplicate domain)
265                        if not protocol_player.protocol_parent_id:
266                            continue
267                        # Merge the protocol player's identifiers into the universal
268                        # player so newly discovered identifiers are included as well
269                        for conn_type, value in protocol_player.device_info.identifiers.items():
270                            native_player.device_info.add_identifier(conn_type, value)
271                        # Update model/manufacturer if universal player has generic values
272                        self._update_universal_device_info(native_player, protocol_player)
273                        # Register newly matched protocol player with the universal player
274                        if is_match:
275                            native_player.add_protocol_player(protocol_player.player_id)
276                        # Persist updated data to config (async via task)
277                        self._save_universal_player_data(native_player)
278                        # Check if this universal player should now be merged with another
279                        self._check_merge_universal_players(native_player)
280                        protocol_player.refresh_state()
281                        native_player.refresh_state()
282                        return True
283                continue
284
285            # Check cached protocol IDs first for fast matching on restart
286            cached_ids = self._get_cached_protocol_ids(native_player.player_id)
287            if protocol_player.player_id in cached_ids:
288                self._add_protocol_link(native_player, protocol_player, protocol_domain)
289                if protocol_player.protocol_parent_id:
290                    protocol_player.refresh_state()
291                    native_player.refresh_state()
292                    return True
293                # Link refused (domain duplicate) - try next native player
294                continue
295
296            # Fallback to identifier matching
297            if self._identifiers_match(native_player, protocol_player, protocol_domain):
298                self._add_protocol_link(native_player, protocol_player, protocol_domain)
299                if protocol_player.protocol_parent_id:
300                    protocol_player.refresh_state()
301                    native_player.refresh_state()
302                    return True
303                # Link refused (domain duplicate) - try next native player
304                continue
305
306            # Final fallback: check if any already-linked protocol player on this native
307            # player shares identifiers with the new protocol player ("sibling matching").
308            # This handles native players (e.g., HEOS) that don't have their own MAC/serial
309            # identifiers but have protocol players (e.g., AirPlay) from the same device
310            # that do share identifiers with the new protocol player (e.g., Sendspin bridge).
311            if self._match_via_linked_protocols(native_player, protocol_player, protocol_domain):
312                return True
313
314        return False
315
316    def _match_via_linked_protocols(
317        self,
318        native_player: Player,
319        protocol_player: Player,
320        protocol_domain: str,
321    ) -> bool:
322        """
323        Try to match a protocol player to a native player via sibling protocol identifiers.
324
325        Check if any of the native player's already-linked protocol players share
326        identifiers with the new protocol player. This handles native players that lack
327        their own device identifiers but have sibling protocols from the same physical device.
328
329        :param native_player: The native player to potentially link to.
330        :param protocol_player: The new protocol player to link.
331        :param protocol_domain: The protocol domain of the new player.
332        :return: True if linked successfully, False if no match found.
333        """
334        for linked in native_player.linked_output_protocols:
335            linked_player = self.get_player(linked.output_protocol_id)
336            if not linked_player:
337                continue
338            if self._identifiers_match(linked_player, protocol_player, protocol_domain):
339                self._add_protocol_link(native_player, protocol_player, protocol_domain)
340                if protocol_player.protocol_parent_id:
341                    protocol_player.refresh_state()
342                    native_player.refresh_state()
343                    return True
344                # Link refused (domain duplicate) - stop checking siblings
345                break
346        return False
347
348    def _try_link_derived_protocol(self, protocol_player: Player) -> bool:
349        """
350        Link a derived protocol player to the parent of its underlying player.
351
352        Derived protocol players carry an underlying_player_id declared by their
353        bridge, which makes the parent resolution deterministic: they always join
354        the parent of the player they ride on (or that player itself when it is
355        not a protocol player). Callers must ensure the player is not linked yet.
356
357        :param protocol_player: The derived protocol player to link.
358        :return: True if the player got linked, False if the underlying player
359            (or its parent) is not available yet or the link was refused.
360        """
361        underlying = self.get_player(protocol_player.underlying_player_id or "")
362        if underlying is None:
363            return False
364        if underlying.state.type == PlayerType.PROTOCOL:
365            parent = (
366                self.get_player(underlying.protocol_parent_id)
367                if underlying.protocol_parent_id
368                else None
369            )
370        else:
371            parent = underlying
372        if parent is None or parent.state.type == PlayerType.GROUP:
373            return False
374
375        self._add_protocol_link(parent, protocol_player, protocol_player.provider.domain)
376        if not protocol_player.protocol_parent_id:
377            # Link refused (e.g. parent already has an active link from this domain)
378            return False
379
380        if parent.provider.domain == "universal_player" and isinstance(parent, UniversalPlayer):
381            # Track membership and identifiers on the universal player so the
382            # derived protocol restores quickly on the next start.
383            parent.add_protocol_player(protocol_player.player_id)
384            for conn_type, value in protocol_player.device_info.identifiers.items():
385                parent.device_info.add_identifier(conn_type, value)
386            self._save_universal_player_data(parent)
387
388        protocol_player.refresh_state()
389        parent.refresh_state()
390        self.logger.debug(
391            "Linked derived protocol %s to %s (via underlying %s)",
392            protocol_player.player_id,
393            parent.player_id,
394            underlying.player_id,
395        )
396        return True
397
398    def _link_derived_protocols_of(self, underlying_player: Player) -> None:
399        """
400        Link any waiting derived protocol players that ride on the given player.
401
402        Called after a player is linked to a parent (or registered as a native
403        player), so derived protocol players that registered earlier can join
404        the same parent.
405        """
406        for candidate in self.all_players(return_protocol_players=True):
407            if candidate.underlying_player_id != underlying_player.player_id:
408                continue
409            if candidate.protocol_parent_id:
410                continue
411            self._try_link_derived_protocol(candidate)
412
413    def _schedule_protocol_evaluation(self, protocol_player: Player) -> None:
414        """
415        Schedule a delayed protocol evaluation.
416
417        Delays evaluation to allow other protocol players and native players to register.
418        Uses a longer delay (30s) if this protocol player was previously linked to a native
419        player that hasn't registered yet, giving native providers time to start up.
420        """
421        player_id = protocol_player.player_id
422
423        # Cancel any existing pending evaluation for this player
424        if player_id in self._pending_protocol_evaluations:
425            self._pending_protocol_evaluations[player_id].cancel()
426
427        # Check if this protocol player has a cached parent (was previously linked)
428        cached_parent_id = self._get_cached_protocol_parent_id(player_id)
429        if cached_parent_id and not self.get_player(cached_parent_id):
430            # Previously linked to a native player that hasn't registered yet
431            # Use longer delay to give native providers time to start up
432            delay = 45.0
433            self.logger.debug(
434                "Protocol player %s waiting for cached parent %s (45s delay)",
435                player_id,
436                cached_parent_id,
437            )
438        else:
439            # Standard delay for protocol player discovery
440            # Allows time for other protocols and native players to register
441            delay = 15.0
442
443        # Schedule evaluation after the delay
444        handle = self.mass.loop.call_later(
445            delay,
446            lambda: self.mass.create_task(self._delayed_protocol_evaluation(player_id)),
447        )
448        self._pending_protocol_evaluations[player_id] = handle
449
450    async def _delayed_protocol_evaluation(self, player_id: str) -> None:
451        """
452        Perform delayed protocol evaluation.
453
454        Called after a delay to allow all protocol players for a device to register.
455        Decides whether to create a universal player, join an existing one, or
456        promote a single protocol player directly.
457
458        Uses a shared lock to serialize evaluations - multiple protocol players from the
459        same device may trigger concurrent evaluations that would otherwise race each other.
460        """
461        self._pending_protocol_evaluations.pop(player_id, None)
462
463        async with self._delayed_evaluation_lock:
464            protocol_player = self.get_player(player_id)
465            if not protocol_player or protocol_player.protocol_parent_id:
466                return
467            if protocol_player.state.type != PlayerType.PROTOCOL:
468                # The player changed type while the evaluation was pending
469                # (e.g. re-registered as a regular player); it must never be
470                # linked as a protocol or wrapped in a universal player.
471                return
472
473            # Derived protocol players resolve strictly via their underlying
474            # player and never match by identifiers or wrap into universal
475            # players; they wait for _link_derived_protocols_of otherwise.
476            if protocol_player.underlying_player_id:
477                self._try_link_derived_protocol(protocol_player)
478                return
479
480            protocol_domain = protocol_player.provider.domain
481
482            # Re-try linking to an existing native/universal player
483            if self._try_link_to_existing_player(protocol_player, protocol_domain):
484                return
485
486            # Check if there's an existing universal player we should join
487            if existing_universal := self._find_matching_universal_player(protocol_player):
488                await self._add_protocol_to_existing_universal(
489                    existing_universal, protocol_player, protocol_domain
490                )
491                if protocol_player.protocol_parent_id is not None:
492                    return
493                # Link refused (domain duplicate) - fall through to create separate UP
494
495            # Refuse to create a universal player wrapper when the cached parent
496            # config exists but is disabled. The user explicitly turned the
497            # parent device off; surfacing its protocols as a separate player
498            # would defeat that intent.
499            cached_parent_id = self._get_cached_protocol_parent_id(player_id)
500            if cached_parent_id:
501                parent_raw = self.mass.config.get(f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{cached_parent_id}")
502                if parent_raw and not parent_raw.get("enabled", True):
503                    self.logger.debug(
504                        "Skipping universal player creation for %s: cached parent %s is disabled",
505                        player_id,
506                        cached_parent_id,
507                    )
508                    return
509
510            # Find all protocol players that match this device's identifiers
511            matching_protocols = self._find_matching_protocol_players(protocol_player)
512
513            # Create or update UniversalPlayer for all protocol players
514            await self._create_or_update_universal_player(matching_protocols)
515
516    def _find_matching_protocol_players(self, protocol_player: Player) -> list[Player]:
517        """
518        Find all protocol players that match the same device as the given player.
519
520        Searches through all registered protocol players to find ones that share
521        identifiers (MAC, IP, UUID) with the given player, indicating they represent
522        the same physical device.
523        """
524        matching = [protocol_player]
525        protocol_domain = protocol_player.provider.domain
526
527        for other_player in self.all_players(return_protocol_players=True):
528            if other_player.player_id == protocol_player.player_id:
529                continue
530            if other_player.state.type != PlayerType.PROTOCOL:
531                continue
532            if other_player.protocol_parent_id:
533                continue
534            if other_player.underlying_player_id:
535                # Derived protocol players follow their underlying player
536                # once it is linked; they never seed a universal player.
537                continue
538            # Skip players from the same protocol domain
539            # Multiple instances of the same protocol on one host are separate players
540            if other_player.provider.domain == protocol_domain:
541                continue
542            if self._identifiers_match(protocol_player, other_player):
543                matching.append(other_player)
544
545        return matching
546
547    def _find_matching_universal_player(self, protocol_player: Player) -> Player | None:
548        """Find an existing universal player that matches this protocol player."""
549        for player in self._players.values():
550            if player.provider.domain != "universal_player":
551                continue
552            if self._identifiers_match(protocol_player, player, ""):
553                return player
554        return None
555
556    async def _add_protocol_to_existing_universal(
557        self, universal_player: Player, protocol_player: Player, protocol_domain: str
558    ) -> None:
559        """Add a protocol player to an existing universal player."""
560        # Refuse if the universal player already has a registered player from this domain.
561        # This prevents a second instance (e.g., two snapcast players on the same host)
562        # from replacing the first. The caller falls through to create a separate UP.
563        for link in universal_player.linked_output_protocols:
564            if link.protocol_domain == protocol_domain and self.get_player(link.output_protocol_id):
565                return
566
567        self._add_protocol_link(universal_player, protocol_player, protocol_domain)
568
569        # Check if linking actually succeeded (may be refused for duplicate domain)
570        if not protocol_player.protocol_parent_id:
571            return
572
573        if isinstance(universal_player, UniversalPlayer):
574            universal_player.add_protocol_player(protocol_player.player_id)
575            for conn_type, value in protocol_player.device_info.identifiers.items():
576                universal_player.device_info.add_identifier(conn_type, value)
577            # Update model/manufacturer if universal player has generic values
578            self._update_universal_device_info(universal_player, protocol_player)
579
580            # Persist all player data (protocol IDs, identifiers, device info) to config
581            for provider in self.mass.get_providers(ProviderType.PLAYER):
582                if provider.domain == "universal_player":
583                    await cast("UniversalPlayerProvider", provider)._save_player_data(
584                        universal_player.player_id, universal_player
585                    )
586                    break
587
588            # Check if this universal player should now be merged with another
589            self._check_merge_universal_players(universal_player)
590
591        protocol_player.refresh_state()
592        universal_player.refresh_state()
593
594    def _update_universal_device_info(
595        self, universal_player: UniversalPlayer, protocol_player: Player
596    ) -> None:
597        """
598        Update universal player's device info from protocol player if needed.
599
600        A universal player carries generic placeholder device info
601        (model="Universal Player", manufacturer="Music Assistant") when no real
602        values are known for it (yet). This method updates those values from a
603        protocol player that has real device info.
604        """
605        # Check if universal player has generic placeholder device info
606        device_info = universal_player.device_info
607        protocol_info = protocol_player.device_info
608
609        # Update model if universal player has generic value
610        if device_info.model in (None, "Universal Player") and protocol_info.model:
611            device_info.model = protocol_info.model
612
613        # Update manufacturer if universal player has generic value
614        if device_info.manufacturer in (None, "Music Assistant") and protocol_info.manufacturer:
615            device_info.manufacturer = protocol_info.manufacturer
616
617    def _save_universal_player_data(self, universal_player: UniversalPlayer) -> None:
618        """
619        Save universal player data to config via background task.
620
621        This is a helper to persist player data from synchronous code.
622        """
623
624        async def _do_save() -> None:
625            for provider in self.mass.get_providers(ProviderType.PLAYER):
626                if provider.domain == "universal_player":
627                    await cast("UniversalPlayerProvider", provider)._save_player_data(
628                        universal_player.player_id, universal_player
629                    )
630                    break
631
632        self.mass.create_task(_do_save())
633
634    def _get_known_protocol_ids(self, parent: Player) -> list[str]:
635        """
636        Get all protocol IDs tracked for a parent player.
637
638        Includes both active links and cached/inactive protocol IDs so callers can
639        safely migrate or clean up the full parent/protocol relationship.
640        """
641        result: list[str] = []
642        seen: set[str] = set()
643
644        for linked in parent.linked_output_protocols:
645            if linked.output_protocol_id not in seen:
646                result.append(linked.output_protocol_id)
647                seen.add(linked.output_protocol_id)
648
649        if parent.provider.domain == "universal_player" and isinstance(parent, UniversalPlayer):
650            cached_ids = parent._protocol_player_ids
651        else:
652            cached_ids = self._get_cached_protocol_ids(parent.player_id)
653
654        for protocol_id in cached_ids:
655            if protocol_id not in seen:
656                result.append(protocol_id)
657                seen.add(protocol_id)
658
659        return result
660
661    def _migrate_protocol_ids_to_parent(self, parent: Player, protocol_ids: set[str]) -> None:
662        """
663        Persist protocol ownership on a new parent without requiring active links.
664
665        This is used when protocol ownership moves from one parent to another during
666        promotion/merge flows. Active protocols are already linked in memory, but
667        disabled or temporarily unavailable protocols still need their cached parent
668        relationship moved as well.
669        """
670        if not protocol_ids:
671            return
672
673        if parent.provider.domain == "universal_player" and isinstance(parent, UniversalPlayer):
674            for protocol_id in protocol_ids:
675                parent.add_protocol_player(protocol_id)
676            self._save_universal_player_data(parent)
677        else:
678            conf_key = f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{parent.player_id}/values/{CONF_LINKED_PROTOCOL_IDS}"
679            cached_ids = self._get_cached_protocol_ids(parent.player_id)
680            changed = False
681            for protocol_id in protocol_ids:
682                if protocol_id not in cached_ids:
683                    cached_ids.append(protocol_id)
684                    changed = True
685            if changed:
686                self.mass.config.set(conf_key, cached_ids)
687
688        for protocol_id in protocol_ids:
689            if self.mass.config.get(f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{protocol_id}"):
690                self._save_protocol_parent_id(protocol_id, parent.player_id)
691
692    def _remove_protocol_ids_from_parent(self, parent: Player, protocol_ids: set[str]) -> None:
693        """
694        Remove protocol ownership from a parent before it is permanently cleaned up.
695
696        This prevents `_cleanup_protocol_links` from treating already-migrated
697        protocols as orphaned when the obsolete parent is unregistered.
698        """
699        if not protocol_ids:
700            return
701
702        remaining_links = [
703            link
704            for link in parent.linked_output_protocols
705            if link.output_protocol_id not in protocol_ids
706        ]
707        if len(remaining_links) != len(parent.linked_output_protocols):
708            parent.set_linked_output_protocols(remaining_links)
709
710        if parent.provider.domain == "universal_player" and isinstance(parent, UniversalPlayer):
711            for protocol_id in protocol_ids:
712                parent.remove_protocol_player(protocol_id)
713            if self.mass.config.get(f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{parent.player_id}"):
714                self.mass.config.set(
715                    f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{parent.player_id}/values/{CONF_LINKED_PROTOCOL_IDS}",
716                    parent._protocol_player_ids,
717                )
718        else:
719            for protocol_id in protocol_ids:
720                self._remove_protocol_id_from_cache(parent.player_id, protocol_id)
721
722    def _check_merge_universal_players(self, universal_player: UniversalPlayer) -> None:
723        """
724        Check if another universal player should be merged into this one.
725
726        Called after identifiers are copied from a protocol player to a universal player.
727        When a protocol player brings new identifiers (e.g., MAC from ARP enrichment),
728        the universal player may now match another universal player that was created
729        from a different protocol (e.g., DLNA-based universal player now matches
730        AirPlay-based universal player because they share the same MAC address).
731
732        The universal player with more protocol links absorbs the other one.
733        """
734        for player in list(self._players.values()):
735            if player.provider.domain != "universal_player":
736                continue
737            if player.player_id == universal_player.player_id:
738                continue
739            if not isinstance(player, UniversalPlayer):
740                continue
741
742            if not self._identifiers_match(universal_player, player, ""):
743                continue
744
745            # Do not merge if both UPs have protocols from the same domain.
746            # Multiple instances of the same protocol on one host (e.g., several
747            # squeezelite players on the same VM) are separate devices that happen
748            # to share an IP. Merging them would orphan one instance's protocol.
749            domains_a = {
750                link.protocol_domain
751                for link in universal_player.linked_output_protocols
752                if link.protocol_domain
753            }
754            domains_b = {
755                link.protocol_domain
756                for link in player.linked_output_protocols
757                if link.protocol_domain
758            }
759            if domains_a & domains_b:
760                self.logger.debug(
761                    "Skipping merge of %s and %s: shared protocol domain(s) %s",
762                    universal_player.player_id,
763                    player.player_id,
764                    domains_a & domains_b,
765                )
766                continue
767
768            # Determine which player absorbs the other (more protocols wins).
769            # On ties, fall back to a deterministic tiebreaker on player_id so
770            # the merge outcome is stable across server restarts. Without this,
771            # which UniversalPlayer "wins" depends on iteration order of
772            # self._players.values(), which can shift between runs and causes
773            # downstream player_id reshuffling (and broken entity bindings in
774            # consumers like the Home Assistant MA integration).
775            len_u = len(universal_player.linked_output_protocols)
776            len_p = len(player.linked_output_protocols)
777            if len_u > len_p:
778                keep, remove = universal_player, player
779            elif len_u < len_p:
780                keep, remove = player, universal_player
781            elif universal_player.player_id < player.player_id:
782                keep, remove = universal_player, player
783            else:
784                keep, remove = player, universal_player
785
786            self.logger.info(
787                "Merging universal player %s into %s (shared identifiers)",
788                remove.player_id,
789                keep.player_id,
790            )
791
792            known_protocol_ids = set(self._get_known_protocol_ids(remove))
793            active_protocol_ids = {
794                link.output_protocol_id for link in remove.linked_output_protocols
795            }
796            moved_protocol_ids: set[str] = set()
797
798            # Transfer protocol links from the removed player to the keeper
799            for linked in list(remove.linked_output_protocols):
800                if protocol_player := self.get_player(linked.output_protocol_id):
801                    protocol_player.set_protocol_parent_id(None)
802                    domain = linked.protocol_domain or protocol_player.provider.domain
803
804                    # Check if keeper already has an active link from this domain
805                    if self._parent_has_active_protocol_from_domain(keep, domain):
806                        self.logger.debug(
807                            "Skipping duplicate %s link during merge: %s",
808                            domain,
809                            linked.output_protocol_id,
810                        )
811                        continue
812
813                    self._add_protocol_link(keep, protocol_player, domain)
814                    if protocol_player.protocol_parent_id == keep.player_id:
815                        moved_protocol_ids.add(protocol_player.player_id)
816                        protocol_player.refresh_state()
817
818            # Move cached-only protocol ownership as well so old-parent cleanup
819            # does not wipe protocols that were intentionally preserved.
820            cached_only_ids = known_protocol_ids - active_protocol_ids
821            preserved_protocol_ids = moved_protocol_ids | cached_only_ids
822            self._migrate_protocol_ids_to_parent(keep, preserved_protocol_ids)
823            self._remove_protocol_ids_from_parent(remove, preserved_protocol_ids)
824
825            # Merge identifiers
826            for conn_type, value in remove.device_info.identifiers.items():
827                keep.device_info.add_identifier(conn_type, value)
828            keep.refresh_state()
829
830            # Persist updated data before the obsolete player is removed
831            self._save_universal_player_data(keep)
832
833            # Carry over the user's configuration and re-point group memberships
834            # before the permanent removal below deletes the losing wrapper's config
835            self._migrate_universal_player_config(remove.player_id, keep.player_id)
836            self._repoint_group_memberships(remove.player_id, keep.player_id)
837
838            # Stop playback and remove the obsolete player
839            self.mass.create_task(self._stop_and_unregister(remove))
840
841            # Only merge one at a time (re-evaluation will catch cascading merges)
842            break
843
844    def _link_protocols_to_universal(
845        self, universal_player: Player, protocol_players: list[Player]
846    ) -> None:
847        """Link protocol players to a universal player, cleaning up existing links."""
848        for player in protocol_players:
849            # Clean up if linked to another player
850            if player.protocol_parent_id:
851                if parent := self.get_player(player.protocol_parent_id):
852                    self._remove_protocol_link(parent, player.player_id)
853                player.set_protocol_parent_id(None)
854            # Link to universal player
855            self._add_protocol_link(universal_player, player, player.provider.domain)
856            player.refresh_state()
857
858        # Update availability from protocol players
859        universal_player.refresh_state()
860
861    async def _create_or_update_universal_player(self, protocol_players: list[Player]) -> None:
862        """
863        Create or update a UniversalPlayer for a set of protocol players.
864
865        Delegates to the universal player provider which handles orchestration,
866        locking, and player creation. The controller then links the protocols
867        to the universal player.
868        """
869        # Filter out players that got linked during the async delay
870        protocol_players = [p for p in protocol_players if not p.protocol_parent_id]
871        if not protocol_players:
872            return
873
874        # Get the universal_player provider
875        universal_provider: UniversalPlayerProvider | None = None
876        for provider in self.mass.get_providers(ProviderType.PLAYER):
877            if provider.domain == "universal_player":
878                universal_provider = cast("UniversalPlayerProvider", provider)
879                break
880
881        if not universal_provider:
882            return
883
884        # Delegate to provider - it handles locking, create/update decision, etc.
885        universal_player = await universal_provider.ensure_universal_player_for_protocols(
886            protocol_players
887        )
888
889        if not universal_player:
890            return
891
892        # Link the protocols to the universal player (controller manages cross-provider state)
893        # Filter out players that were already linked
894        # (e.g., via _add_protocol_to_existing_universal)
895        unlinked_players = [p for p in protocol_players if not p.protocol_parent_id]
896
897        # Split unlinked players: those that can join the main universal player
898        # vs those that got separate universal players (domain-duplicates)
899        for player in list(unlinked_players):
900            # Check if a separate universal player was created for this player
901            fallback_key = player.player_id.replace(":", "").replace("-", "").lower()
902            separate_id = f"up{fallback_key}"
903            if separate_up := self.get_player(separate_id):
904                # Link to the separate universal player instead
905                self._add_protocol_link(separate_up, player, player.provider.domain)
906                player.refresh_state()
907                separate_up.refresh_state()
908                unlinked_players.remove(player)
909
910        self._link_protocols_to_universal(universal_player, unlinked_players)
911        universal_player.refresh_state()
912
913    def _try_link_protocols_to_native(self, native_player: Player) -> None:
914        """Try to link protocol players to a native player."""
915        # First, check if there's a universal player for this device that should be replaced
916        self._check_replace_universal_player(native_player)
917
918        # Look for protocol players that should be linked
919        for protocol_player in self.all_players(return_protocol_players=True):
920            if protocol_player.state.type != PlayerType.PROTOCOL:
921                continue
922            if protocol_player.protocol_parent_id:
923                # Already linked to a parent (could be this native player after replacement)
924                continue
925            if protocol_player.underlying_player_id:
926                # Derived protocol players link via their underlying player instead
927                continue
928
929            protocol_domain = protocol_player.provider.domain
930
931            # Skip if this native player already has an active link from this domain
932            # (prevents a second instance of the same protocol from trying to link)
933            if self._parent_has_active_protocol_from_domain(native_player, protocol_domain):
934                continue
935
936            if self._identifiers_match(native_player, protocol_player, protocol_domain):
937                self._add_protocol_link(native_player, protocol_player, protocol_domain)
938                # Check if linking succeeded (may be refused for duplicate domain)
939                if protocol_player.protocol_parent_id is not None:
940                    protocol_player.refresh_state()
941                    native_player.refresh_state()
942
943        # Proactively recover disabled/missing protocols from config
944        # This ensures disabled protocols show up in the UI so they can be re-enabled
945        self._recover_cached_protocol_links(native_player)
946
947        # Second pass: match remaining unlinked protocol players via sibling identifiers.
948        # After cache recovery, the native player has linked protocols (e.g., AirPlay)
949        # whose identifiers can be used to match new protocol players (e.g., Sendspin bridge)
950        # that share the same device identifiers but couldn't match the native player directly.
951        for protocol_player in self.all_players(return_protocol_players=True):
952            if protocol_player.state.type != PlayerType.PROTOCOL:
953                continue
954            if protocol_player.protocol_parent_id:
955                continue
956            if protocol_player.underlying_player_id:
957                continue
958            protocol_domain = protocol_player.provider.domain
959            if self._parent_has_active_protocol_from_domain(native_player, protocol_domain):
960                continue
961            if self._match_via_linked_protocols(native_player, protocol_player, protocol_domain):
962                self.logger.debug(
963                    "Linked %s to %s via sibling protocol identifiers",
964                    protocol_player.player_id,
965                    native_player.player_id,
966                )
967
968        # Finally, link derived protocol players that ride directly on this
969        # native player (derived players riding on the protocol players linked
970        # above are handled by _add_protocol_link itself).
971        self._link_derived_protocols_of(native_player)
972
973    def _check_replace_universal_player(self, native_player: Player) -> None:
974        """Check if a universal player should be replaced by this native player."""
975        # Skip if native_player is itself a universal player (prevent self-replacement)
976        if native_player.provider.domain == "universal_player":
977            return
978
979        # Look for universal players that match this native player
980        for player in list(self._players.values()):
981            if player.provider.domain != "universal_player":
982                continue
983
984            # Check by identifiers first
985            identifiers_match = self._identifiers_match(native_player, player, "")
986
987            # Also check if native player's ID is in the universal player's stored protocol list
988            # This handles players that changed type (e.g., sendspin web players changed from
989            # PROTOCOL to PLAYER type) and have no identifiers to match against
990            player_id_in_protocols = (
991                isinstance(player, UniversalPlayer)
992                and native_player.player_id in player._protocol_player_ids
993            )
994
995            if not identifiers_match and not player_id_in_protocols:
996                continue
997
998            known_protocol_ids = set(self._get_known_protocol_ids(player))
999            active_protocol_ids = {
1000                link.output_protocol_id for link in player.linked_output_protocols
1001            }
1002            moved_protocol_ids: set[str] = set()
1003
1004            # Transfer all protocol links from universal player to native player
1005            for linked in list(player.linked_output_protocols):
1006                if protocol_player := self.get_player(linked.output_protocol_id):
1007                    protocol_player.set_protocol_parent_id(None)
1008                    domain = linked.protocol_domain or protocol_player.provider.domain
1009                    self._add_protocol_link(native_player, protocol_player, domain)
1010                    if protocol_player.protocol_parent_id == native_player.player_id:
1011                        moved_protocol_ids.add(protocol_player.player_id)
1012                        protocol_player.refresh_state()
1013                    else:
1014                        # Link refused, keep the protocol owned by the universal player.
1015                        protocol_player.set_protocol_parent_id(player.player_id)
1016
1017            if active_protocol_ids - moved_protocol_ids:
1018                # A link was refused, keep the universal player and hand over only
1019                # what moved so the refused protocols are not orphaned.
1020                self._migrate_protocol_ids_to_parent(native_player, moved_protocol_ids)
1021                self._remove_protocol_ids_from_parent(player, moved_protocol_ids)
1022                native_player.refresh_state()
1023                continue
1024
1025            cached_only_ids = known_protocol_ids - active_protocol_ids
1026            preserved_protocol_ids = moved_protocol_ids | cached_only_ids
1027            # A device that kept its id across a type change lists itself here.
1028            # It must never become its own protocol, and it must also be dropped
1029            # from the obsolete universal player so the permanent cleanup below
1030            # doesn't treat it as an orphaned protocol (which would re-wrap the
1031            # native player in a fresh universal player).
1032            preserved_protocol_ids.discard(native_player.player_id)
1033            self._migrate_protocol_ids_to_parent(native_player, preserved_protocol_ids)
1034            self._remove_protocol_ids_from_parent(
1035                player, preserved_protocol_ids | {native_player.player_id}
1036            )
1037            native_player.refresh_state()
1038
1039            # Carry over the user's configuration and re-point group memberships
1040            # before the permanent removal below deletes the universal player's config
1041            self._migrate_universal_player_config(player.player_id, native_player.player_id)
1042            self._repoint_group_memberships(player.player_id, native_player.player_id)
1043
1044            # Stop playback and remove the now-obsolete universal player
1045            self.mass.create_task(self._stop_and_unregister(player))
1046
1047    def _migrate_universal_player_config(self, universal_id: str, native_id: str) -> None:
1048        """
1049        Carry over user-set configuration from a replaced universal player.
1050
1051        Copies the custom display name, player config values, DSP settings and
1052        per-queue settings of the (obsolete) universal player onto the native
1053        player that replaces it, without overwriting values explicitly set on
1054        the native player itself. Must be called while the universal player's
1055        config still exists, as the permanent removal deletes it.
1056
1057        :param universal_id: Player id of the obsolete universal player being replaced.
1058        :param native_id: Player id of the native player that replaces it.
1059        """
1060        source_raw = self.mass.config.get(f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{universal_id}")
1061        source_raw = source_raw if isinstance(source_raw, dict) else {}
1062        target_key = f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{native_id}"
1063        target_raw = self.mass.config.get(target_key)
1064        target_raw = target_raw if isinstance(target_raw, dict) else {}
1065        player_config_changed = False
1066
1067        # only carry an actual user rename, not the auto-generated default name;
1068        # likewise a name on the native player only counts as a user override when
1069        # it differs from the default name (fresh configs store name == default_name)
1070        custom_name = source_raw.get("name")
1071        target_name = target_raw.get("name")
1072        target_has_custom_name = bool(target_name) and target_name != target_raw.get("default_name")
1073        if (
1074            custom_name
1075            and custom_name != source_raw.get("default_name")
1076            and not target_has_custom_name
1077        ):
1078            self.mass.config.set(f"{target_key}/name", custom_name)
1079            player_config_changed = True
1080
1081        source_values = source_raw.get("values")
1082        source_values = source_values if isinstance(source_values, dict) else {}
1083        target_values = target_raw.get("values")
1084        target_values = target_values if isinstance(target_values, dict) else {}
1085        for key, value in source_values.items():
1086            if key in UNIVERSAL_PLAYER_INTERNAL_CONF_KEYS:
1087                continue
1088            if CONF_PROTOCOL_KEY_SPLITTER in key:
1089                # stale virtual mirror of a protocol player's own config
1090                continue
1091            if key in target_values:
1092                continue
1093            self.mass.config.set(f"{target_key}/values/{key}", deepcopy(value))
1094            player_config_changed = True
1095
1096        # DSP settings follow wholesale, unless the native player has its own
1097        dsp_changed = False
1098        source_dsp = self.mass.config.get(f"{CONF_PLAYER_DSP}/{universal_id}")
1099        if source_dsp and not self.mass.config.get(f"{CONF_PLAYER_DSP}/{native_id}"):
1100            self.mass.config.set(f"{CONF_PLAYER_DSP}/{native_id}", deepcopy(source_dsp))
1101            dsp_changed = True
1102
1103        queue_changed = self._migrate_universal_queue_config(universal_id, native_id)
1104
1105        if not (player_config_changed or dsp_changed or queue_changed):
1106            return
1107        self.logger.info(
1108            "Carried over configuration of universal player %s to %s", universal_id, native_id
1109        )
1110        if player_config_changed:
1111            # the native player's in-place config was loaded before the carry-over,
1112            # so reload it to make the migrated values (e.g. custom name) effective
1113            self.mass.create_task(self._reapply_player_config(native_id))
1114
1115    def _migrate_universal_queue_config(self, universal_id: str, native_id: str) -> bool:
1116        """
1117        Move the per-queue settings of a replaced universal player to its replacement.
1118
1119        Queue ids equal player ids. The queue config is not covered by the
1120        permanent unregister cleanup, so the source entry is removed here.
1121
1122        :param universal_id: Player id of the obsolete universal player.
1123        :param native_id: Player id of the native player that replaces it.
1124        :return: True if any queue setting was carried over.
1125        """
1126        queue_changed = False
1127        source_queue_raw = self.mass.config.get(f"{CONF_PLAYER_QUEUES}/{universal_id}")
1128        source_queue_raw = source_queue_raw if isinstance(source_queue_raw, dict) else None
1129        if source_queue_values := (source_queue_raw or {}).get("values"):
1130            target_queue_key = f"{CONF_PLAYER_QUEUES}/{native_id}"
1131            target_queue_raw = self.mass.config.get(target_queue_key)
1132            target_queue_raw = (
1133                deepcopy(target_queue_raw) if isinstance(target_queue_raw, dict) else {}
1134            )
1135            target_queue_values = target_queue_raw.setdefault("values", {})
1136            for key, value in source_queue_values.items():
1137                if key in target_queue_values:
1138                    continue
1139                target_queue_values[key] = deepcopy(value)
1140                queue_changed = True
1141            if queue_changed:
1142                target_queue_raw["queue_id"] = native_id
1143                self.mass.config.set(target_queue_key, target_queue_raw)
1144        if source_queue_raw is not None:
1145            self.mass.config.remove(f"{CONF_PLAYER_QUEUES}/{universal_id}")
1146        return queue_changed
1147
1148    async def _reapply_player_config(self, player_id: str) -> None:
1149        """Reload the stored config onto a registered player and refresh its state."""
1150        if not (player := self.get_player(player_id)):
1151            return
1152        config = await self.mass.config.get_player_config(player_id)
1153        player.set_config(config)
1154        player.update_state()
1155        self.mass.signal_event(EventType.PLAYER_CONFIG_UPDATED, object_id=player_id, data=config)
1156
1157    def _repoint_group_memberships(self, old_player_id: str, new_player_id: str) -> None:
1158        """
1159        Re-point group memberships from a removed player to its successor.
1160
1161        When a universal player is replaced by a native player or merged into
1162        another universal player, other players that list the removed player as
1163        a group member (or allowed member) must follow its successor so those
1164        memberships are not silently lost. Updates the persisted config and keeps
1165        any registered player whose membership changed in sync.
1166
1167        :param old_player_id: Player id that is being removed.
1168        :param new_player_id: Player id that replaces it.
1169        """
1170        all_player_configs = self.mass.config.get(CONF_PLAYERS, {})
1171        if not isinstance(all_player_configs, dict):
1172            return
1173        for other_id, other_cfg in all_player_configs.items():
1174            if not isinstance(other_cfg, dict):
1175                continue
1176            other_values = other_cfg.get("values")
1177            if not isinstance(other_values, dict):
1178                continue
1179            for key in (CONF_GROUP_MEMBERS, CONF_ALLOWED_MEMBERS):
1180                members = other_values.get(key)
1181                if not isinstance(members, list) or old_player_id not in members:
1182                    continue
1183                new_members: list[str] = []
1184                for member_id in members:
1185                    resolved = new_player_id if member_id == old_player_id else member_id
1186                    if resolved not in new_members:
1187                        new_members.append(resolved)
1188                self.mass.config.set(f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{other_id}/values/{key}", new_members)
1189                # keep a registered player's in-place config copy and state in sync
1190                if other_player := self.get_player(other_id):
1191                    if entry := other_player.config.values.get(key):
1192                        entry.value = new_members
1193                    other_player.refresh_state()
1194
1195    async def _stop_and_unregister(self, player: Player) -> None:
1196        """
1197        Stop active playback on a player and then permanently unregister it.
1198
1199        Used when an obsolete universal player is replaced or merged away: while
1200        it is not idle its protocol child keeps playing the dead queue's stream
1201        until the buffer drains, so playback is stopped first. Queue ownership is
1202        intentionally not transferred.
1203
1204        :param player: The obsolete player to stop and permanently remove.
1205        """
1206        if player.playback_state != PlaybackState.IDLE:
1207            with suppress(PlayerCommandFailed, PlayerUnavailableError):
1208                await self.mass.player_queues.stop(player.player_id)
1209        await self.unregister(player.player_id, permanent=True)
1210
1211    def _parent_has_active_protocol_from_domain(
1212        self, parent: Player, domain: str, exclude_player_id: str | None = None
1213    ) -> bool:
1214        """
1215        Check if a parent already has an active (registered) protocol player from a given domain.
1216
1217        This prevents a second protocol player of the same domain (e.g., a second AirPlay
1218        instance on the same host) from replacing the first one's link on the same parent.
1219
1220        :param parent: The parent player to check.
1221        :param domain: The protocol domain to check for (e.g., "airplay", "dlna").
1222        :param exclude_player_id: Optional player ID to exclude from the check
1223            (used when checking if a player's own domain is already linked).
1224        """
1225        for link in parent.linked_output_protocols:
1226            if link.protocol_domain != domain:
1227                continue
1228            if exclude_player_id and link.output_protocol_id == exclude_player_id:
1229                continue
1230            # A registered player from this domain blocks the link, even if unavailable.
1231            # Being offline doesn't make it a different device — it's still occupying
1232            # this domain slot. The provider should remove stale players explicitly.
1233            if self.get_player(link.output_protocol_id):
1234                return True
1235        return False
1236
1237    def _add_protocol_link(
1238        self, native_player: Player, protocol_player: Player, protocol_domain: str
1239    ) -> None:
1240        """Add a protocol link from native player to protocol player."""
1241        # Never link a player to itself (hides it as its own protocol child).
1242        if native_player.player_id == protocol_player.player_id:
1243            return
1244        # Guard: refuse to replace an existing active link from the same domain.
1245        # This prevents a second instance of the same protocol (e.g., two AirPlay
1246        # instances on the same host) from silently replacing the first one.
1247        if self._parent_has_active_protocol_from_domain(
1248            native_player, protocol_domain, exclude_player_id=protocol_player.player_id
1249        ):
1250            self.logger.debug(
1251                "Refusing to link %s to %s: parent already has an active %s link",
1252                protocol_player.player_id,
1253                native_player.player_id,
1254                protocol_domain,
1255            )
1256            return
1257
1258        # Remove any existing link for the same protocol domain
1259        updated_protocols = [
1260            link
1261            for link in native_player.linked_output_protocols
1262            if link.protocol_domain != protocol_domain
1263        ]
1264
1265        # Get priority for this protocol
1266        priority = PROTOCOL_PRIORITY.get(protocol_domain, 100)
1267
1268        # Derived transports (e.g. a Sendspin bridge riding on an AirPlay player)
1269        # reference the base output they run on top of; "native" when they ride
1270        # on the parent player itself
1271        derived_from = protocol_player.underlying_player_id
1272        if derived_from == native_player.player_id:
1273            derived_from = "native"
1274
1275        # Add the new link
1276        updated_protocols.append(
1277            OutputProtocol(
1278                output_protocol_id=protocol_player.player_id,
1279                name=protocol_player.provider.name,
1280                protocol_domain=protocol_domain,
1281                priority=priority,
1282                derived_from=derived_from,
1283            )
1284        )
1285        native_player.set_linked_output_protocols(updated_protocols)
1286
1287        # Set protocol player's parent
1288        protocol_player.set_protocol_parent_id(native_player.player_id)
1289
1290        # Persist linked protocol IDs to config for fast restart
1291        # (only for non-universal players, as universal players handle this themselves)
1292        if native_player.provider.domain != "universal_player":
1293            self._save_linked_protocol_ids(native_player)
1294        # Always save the parent ID on the protocol player for reverse lookup on restart
1295        # (needed for both native and universal parents to enable fast restore)
1296        self._save_protocol_parent_id(protocol_player.player_id, native_player.player_id)
1297
1298        # The freshly linked player may have derived protocol players (e.g. a
1299        # Sendspin bridge riding on it) waiting to join the same parent.
1300        self._link_derived_protocols_of(protocol_player)
1301
1302    def _remove_protocol_link(
1303        self, native_player: Player, protocol_player_id: str, permanent: bool = False
1304    ) -> None:
1305        """
1306        Remove a protocol link.
1307
1308        :param native_player: The parent player to remove the link from.
1309        :param protocol_player_id: The protocol player ID to unlink.
1310        :param permanent: If True, also removes the protocol ID from the cached list.
1311            Use this when the protocol player config is being deleted. If False,
1312            the protocol ID remains in the cache so it can be shown as disabled
1313            and re-enabled later.
1314        """
1315        updated_protocols = [
1316            link
1317            for link in native_player.linked_output_protocols
1318            if link.output_protocol_id != protocol_player_id
1319        ]
1320        native_player.set_linked_output_protocols(updated_protocols)
1321
1322        # Clear parent reference on protocol player if it still exists
1323        if protocol_player := self.get_player(protocol_player_id):
1324            if protocol_player.protocol_parent_id == native_player.player_id:
1325                protocol_player.set_protocol_parent_id(None)
1326
1327        # Update persisted linked protocol IDs
1328        if native_player.provider.domain != "universal_player":
1329            if permanent:
1330                # Permanently remove from cache (player config is being deleted)
1331                self._remove_protocol_id_from_cache(native_player.player_id, protocol_player_id)
1332            # Note: we don't call _save_linked_protocol_ids here anymore for non-permanent
1333            # removals because the merge approach will preserve the ID in the cache
1334        # Always clear the cached parent ID (for both native and universal parents)
1335        self._clear_protocol_parent_id(protocol_player_id)
1336
1337    def _save_linked_protocol_ids(self, native_player: Player) -> None:
1338        """
1339        Save linked protocol IDs to config for persistence across restarts.
1340
1341        This method merges active protocol IDs with existing cached IDs to preserve
1342        disabled protocol players in the cache. This allows disabled protocols to be
1343        shown in the UI so they can be re-enabled.
1344        """
1345        conf_key = f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{native_player.player_id}/values/{CONF_LINKED_PROTOCOL_IDS}"
1346        # Get existing cached IDs to preserve disabled protocols
1347        existing_ids: list[str] = self.mass.config.get(conf_key, [])
1348        # Get currently active protocol IDs
1349        active_ids = {link.output_protocol_id for link in native_player.linked_output_protocols}
1350        # Merge: keep existing IDs and add any new active ones
1351        merged_ids = list(existing_ids)
1352        for protocol_id in active_ids:
1353            if protocol_id not in merged_ids:
1354                merged_ids.append(protocol_id)
1355        self.mass.config.set(conf_key, merged_ids)
1356
1357    def _get_cached_protocol_ids(self, player_id: str) -> list[str]:
1358        """Get cached linked protocol IDs from config."""
1359        conf_key = f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{player_id}/values/{CONF_LINKED_PROTOCOL_IDS}"
1360        result = self.mass.config.get(conf_key, [])
1361        return list(result) if result else []
1362
1363    def _remove_protocol_id_from_cache(
1364        self, parent_player_id: str, protocol_player_id: str
1365    ) -> None:
1366        """
1367        Permanently remove a protocol player ID from the cached linked protocol IDs.
1368
1369        Use this when a protocol player config is being deleted, not just disabled.
1370        """
1371        conf_key = f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{parent_player_id}/values/{CONF_LINKED_PROTOCOL_IDS}"
1372        cached_ids: list[str] = self.mass.config.get(conf_key, [])
1373        if protocol_player_id in cached_ids:
1374            cached_ids.remove(protocol_player_id)
1375            self.mass.config.set(conf_key, cached_ids)
1376
1377    def _save_protocol_parent_id(self, protocol_player_id: str, parent_id: str) -> None:
1378        """Save the parent ID for a protocol player for persistence across restarts."""
1379        # Only save if the player config still exists to avoid creating partial entries
1380        if not self.mass.config.get(f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{protocol_player_id}"):
1381            return
1382        conf_key = f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{protocol_player_id}/values/{CONF_PROTOCOL_PARENT_ID}"
1383        self.mass.config.set(conf_key, parent_id)
1384
1385    def _save_underlying_player_id(self, player: Player) -> None:
1386        """
1387        Persist the derived-transport edge of a player to config.
1388
1389        Allows the edge to be resolved (e.g. by the config UI) even while the
1390        player is not registered. Clears a previously persisted edge when the
1391        player is no longer derived (e.g. a bridge client turned web player).
1392        """
1393        # Only save if the player config still exists to avoid creating partial entries
1394        if not self.mass.config.get(f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{player.player_id}"):
1395            return
1396        conf_key = f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{player.player_id}/values/{CONF_UNDERLYING_PLAYER_ID}"
1397        if player.underlying_player_id:
1398            self.mass.config.set(conf_key, player.underlying_player_id)
1399        elif self.mass.config.get(conf_key) is not None:
1400            self.mass.config.set(conf_key, None)
1401
1402    def _get_cached_protocol_parent_id(self, protocol_player_id: str) -> str | None:
1403        """Get cached parent ID for a protocol player from config."""
1404        conf_key = f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{protocol_player_id}/values/{CONF_PROTOCOL_PARENT_ID}"
1405        result = self.mass.config.get(conf_key, None)
1406        return str(result) if result else None
1407
1408    def _clear_protocol_parent_id(self, protocol_player_id: str) -> None:
1409        """Clear the cached parent ID for a protocol player."""
1410        # Only clear if the player config still exists to avoid creating partial entries
1411        if not self.mass.config.get(f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{protocol_player_id}"):
1412            return
1413        conf_key = f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{protocol_player_id}/values/{CONF_PROTOCOL_PARENT_ID}"
1414        self.mass.config.set(conf_key, None)
1415
1416    def _recover_cached_protocol_links(self, native_player: Player) -> None:
1417        """
1418        Recover protocol links from config for disabled/missing protocols.
1419
1420        This ensures that disabled protocols show up in the output_protocols list
1421        so they can be re-enabled by the user. It also handles the case where
1422        protocol players haven't registered yet during startup.
1423        """
1424        # Get currently linked protocol IDs
1425        linked_protocol_ids = {
1426            link.output_protocol_id for link in native_player.linked_output_protocols
1427        }
1428
1429        # Get cached protocol IDs from config (includes protocols that were explicitly linked)
1430        cached_protocol_ids = self._get_cached_protocol_ids(native_player.player_id)
1431
1432        # Also check all protocol players that have protocol_parent_id pointing to this player
1433        # (this handles disabled protocols that may not be in linked_protocol_ids)
1434        all_player_configs = self.mass.config.get(CONF_PLAYERS, {})
1435        for protocol_id, protocol_config in all_player_configs.items():
1436            # Skip if not a protocol player
1437            if protocol_config.get("player_type") != "protocol":
1438                continue
1439            # Check if this protocol has a parent_id pointing to this native player
1440            protocol_values = protocol_config.get("values", {})
1441            protocol_parent_id = protocol_values.get(CONF_PROTOCOL_PARENT_ID)
1442            if protocol_parent_id == native_player.player_id:
1443                if protocol_id not in cached_protocol_ids:
1444                    cached_protocol_ids.append(protocol_id)
1445
1446        if not cached_protocol_ids:
1447            return
1448
1449        # Add OutputProtocol entries for any cached protocols that aren't currently linked
1450        for protocol_id in cached_protocol_ids:
1451            if protocol_id in linked_protocol_ids:
1452                continue  # Already linked
1453
1454            # Get protocol player config to determine the protocol domain and availability
1455            protocol_config = self.mass.config.get(f"{CONF_PLAYERS}/{protocol_id}")
1456            if not protocol_config:
1457                continue
1458
1459            # Determine protocol domain from provider
1460            protocol_provider: str = protocol_config.get("provider")
1461            if not protocol_provider:
1462                continue
1463
1464            # Extract domain from provider instance_id (e.g., "airplay--uuid" -> "airplay")
1465            protocol_domain = protocol_provider.split("--", maxsplit=1)[0]
1466
1467            # Skip if parent already has a link from this domain
1468            existing_domains = {
1469                link.protocol_domain for link in native_player.linked_output_protocols
1470            }
1471            if protocol_domain in existing_domains:
1472                continue
1473
1474            # Get provider name for display
1475            provider_name = protocol_domain.title()  # Default fallback
1476            if provider := self.mass.get_provider(protocol_domain, return_unavailable=True):
1477                provider_name = provider.name
1478
1479            # Get priority for this protocol
1480            priority = PROTOCOL_PRIORITY.get(protocol_domain, 100)
1481
1482            # Check if protocol player is available (registered)
1483            protocol_player = self.get_player(protocol_id)
1484            is_available = protocol_player is not None and protocol_player.available
1485
1486            # Resolve the derived-transport edge from the live player when
1487            # registered, else from the persisted edge in config
1488            derived_from = (
1489                protocol_player.underlying_player_id
1490                if protocol_player
1491                else protocol_config.get("values", {}).get(CONF_UNDERLYING_PLAYER_ID)
1492            )
1493            if derived_from == native_player.player_id:
1494                derived_from = "native"
1495
1496            # Add the OutputProtocol entry
1497            native_player.linked_output_protocols.append(
1498                OutputProtocol(
1499                    output_protocol_id=protocol_id,
1500                    name=provider_name,
1501                    protocol_domain=protocol_domain,
1502                    priority=priority,
1503                    is_native=False,
1504                    available=is_available,
1505                    derived_from=derived_from,
1506                )
1507            )
1508            self.logger.debug(
1509                "Recovered cached protocol link %s -> %s (available: %s)",
1510                native_player.player_id,
1511                protocol_id,
1512                is_available,
1513            )
1514
1515    def _cleanup_protocol_links(self, player: Player) -> None:
1516        """Clean up protocol links when a player is permanently removed."""
1517        if player.state.type == PlayerType.PROTOCOL:
1518            # Protocol player being removed: remove link from parent
1519            if parent_id := player.protocol_parent_id:
1520                if parent_player := self.get_player(parent_id):
1521                    # Use permanent=True to also remove from cached protocol IDs
1522                    self._remove_protocol_link(parent_player, player.player_id, permanent=True)
1523                    if (
1524                        parent_player.provider.domain == "universal_player"
1525                        and len(parent_player.linked_output_protocols) == 0
1526                    ):
1527                        # No protocols left - remove universal player
1528                        self.logger.info(
1529                            "Universal player %s has no protocols left, removing",
1530                            parent_id,
1531                        )
1532                        self.mass.create_task(
1533                            self.mass.players.unregister(parent_id, permanent=True)
1534                        )
1535                    else:
1536                        parent_player.refresh_state()
1537                else:
1538                    # Parent not registered yet — still purge the cached id
1539                    self._remove_protocol_id_from_cache(parent_id, player.player_id)
1540        else:
1541            # Native/universal player being removed: handle all linked protocol players.
1542            # Collect all known protocol IDs from both active links and cached state,
1543            # since disabled/inactive protocols may only exist in the cached parent data.
1544            all_protocol_ids = set(self._get_known_protocol_ids(player))
1545            for protocol_id in all_protocol_ids:
1546                # Clear cached parent ID in config so protocol won't try to
1547                # restore a link to the deleted player on next restart
1548                self._clear_protocol_parent_id(protocol_id)
1549                if protocol_player := self.get_player(protocol_id):
1550                    # Protocol player is available: clear parent and schedule re-evaluation
1551                    # so it can be matched to a new parent or a new universal player
1552                    protocol_player.set_protocol_parent_id(None)
1553                    protocol_player.refresh_state()
1554                    self.logger.debug(
1555                        "Player %s removed - scheduling evaluation for protocol %s",
1556                        player.player_id,
1557                        protocol_id,
1558                    )
1559                    self._schedule_protocol_evaluation(protocol_player)
1560                else:
1561                    # Protocol player is not registered yet — it may still be
1562                    # mid-discovery (e.g., DLNA connecting via SSDP). Don't delete
1563                    # its config as that would cause a KeyError when it finishes
1564                    # registering. Stale configs are harmless and get cleaned up
1565                    # naturally on subsequent restarts.
1566                    self.logger.debug(
1567                        "Player %s removed - protocol %s not registered, skipping cleanup",
1568                        player.player_id,
1569                        protocol_id,
1570                    )
1571
1572    def _identifiers_match(
1573        self, player_a: Player, player_b: Player, protocol_domain: str = ""
1574    ) -> bool:
1575        """
1576        Check if identifiers match between two players.
1577
1578        Matching is done by comparing connection identifiers (MAC, serial, UUID).
1579        As a last resort, IP address is used when at least one player has a
1580        locally-administered MAC, indicating the device uses MAC randomization
1581        and ARP could not resolve the real hardware address.
1582
1583        Invalid identifiers (e.g., 00:00:00:00:00:00 MAC addresses) are filtered out
1584        to prevent false matches between unrelated devices.
1585        """
1586        identifiers_a = player_a.device_info.identifiers
1587        identifiers_b = player_b.device_info.identifiers
1588
1589        # Check identifiers in order of reliability
1590        # MAC_ADDRESS > SERIAL_NUMBER > UUID > CAST_UUID > AIRPLAY_ID
1591        for conn_type in (
1592            IdentifierType.MAC_ADDRESS,
1593            IdentifierType.SERIAL_NUMBER,
1594            IdentifierType.UUID,
1595            IdentifierType.CAST_UUID,
1596            IdentifierType.AIRPLAY_ID,
1597        ):
1598            val_a = identifiers_a.get(conn_type)
1599            val_b = identifiers_b.get(conn_type)
1600
1601            if not val_a or not val_b:
1602                continue
1603
1604            # Filter out invalid MAC addresses (00:00:00:00:00:00, ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff)
1605            if conn_type == IdentifierType.MAC_ADDRESS:
1606                if not is_valid_mac_address(val_a) or not is_valid_mac_address(val_b):
1607                    self.logger.log(
1608                        VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
1609                        "Skipping invalid MAC address for matching: %s=%s, %s=%s",
1610                        player_a.display_name,
1611                        val_a,
1612                        player_b.display_name,
1613                        val_b,
1614                    )
1615                    continue
1616
1617            # Normalize values for comparison
1618            if conn_type == IdentifierType.MAC_ADDRESS:
1619                # Use MAC normalization that handles locally-administered bit differences
1620                # Some protocols (like AirPlay) report a locally-administered MAC variant
1621                # where bit 1 of the first octet is set (e.g., 54:78:... vs 56:78:...)
1622                val_a_norm = normalize_mac_for_matching(val_a)
1623                val_b_norm = normalize_mac_for_matching(val_b)
1624
1625                # Direct match on current MAC
1626                if val_a_norm == val_b_norm:
1627                    return True
1628
1629                # Multi-MAC matching: also check original reported MACs.
1630                # Devices with multiple interfaces (WiFi + Ethernet) may have ARP
1631                # resolve one MAC while the protocol reports a different one.
1632                macs_a = {val_a_norm}
1633                macs_b = {val_b_norm}
1634                reported_a = player_a.extra_data.get("reported_mac")
1635                reported_b = player_b.extra_data.get("reported_mac")
1636                if reported_a and is_valid_mac_address(reported_a):
1637                    macs_a.add(normalize_mac_for_matching(reported_a))
1638                if reported_b and is_valid_mac_address(reported_b):
1639                    macs_b.add(normalize_mac_for_matching(reported_b))
1640                if macs_a & macs_b:
1641                    return True
1642
1643                # No MAC match - continue to next identifier type
1644                continue
1645
1646            val_a_norm = val_a.lower().replace(":", "").replace("-", "")
1647            val_b_norm = val_b.lower().replace(":", "").replace("-", "")
1648
1649            # Direct match
1650            if val_a_norm == val_b_norm:
1651                return True
1652
1653            # Special case: Sonos UUID matching with DLNA _MR suffix
1654            # Sonos uses RINCON_xxx, DLNA uses RINCON_xxx_MR for Media Renderer
1655            if conn_type == IdentifierType.UUID:
1656                if val_b_norm.endswith("_mr") and val_b_norm[:-3] == val_a_norm:
1657                    return True
1658                if val_a_norm.endswith("_mr") and val_a_norm[:-3] == val_b_norm:
1659                    return True
1660
1661        # Last resort: IP-based matching.
1662        # Two players on the same IP are very likely the same physical device.
1663        # This handles two cases:
1664        # 1. MAC randomization: at least one player has no real MAC (LA or missing),
1665        #    so ARP couldn't resolve a usable address.
1666        # 2. Different MACs per protocol: some devices (e.g., Yamaha MusicCast) report
1667        #    different valid globally-unique MACs per protocol (DLNA vs AirPlay differ
1668        #    by 1 in the last octet). IP matching is safe here because two different
1669        #    devices on a LAN cannot share the same IP simultaneously.
1670        #    To avoid false positives between unrelated native players, this path
1671        #    requires at least one player to be a protocol or universal player.
1672        ip_a = identifiers_a.get(IdentifierType.IP_ADDRESS)
1673        ip_b = identifiers_b.get(IdentifierType.IP_ADDRESS)
1674        if ip_a and ip_b and ip_a == ip_b:
1675            mac_a = identifiers_a.get(IdentifierType.MAC_ADDRESS)
1676            mac_b = identifiers_b.get(IdentifierType.MAC_ADDRESS)
1677            a_is_real = (
1678                mac_a is not None
1679                and is_valid_mac_address(mac_a)
1680                and not is_locally_administered_mac(mac_a)
1681            )
1682            b_is_real = (
1683                mac_b is not None
1684                and is_valid_mac_address(mac_b)
1685                and not is_locally_administered_mac(mac_b)
1686            )
1687            # Case 1: at least one player has no real hardware MAC
1688            if not (a_is_real and b_is_real):
1689                return True
1690            # Case 2: both have real MACs but at least one is a protocol/universal player
1691            a_is_protocol = (
1692                player_a.type == PlayerType.PROTOCOL
1693                or player_a.provider.domain == "universal_player"
1694            )
1695            b_is_protocol = (
1696                player_b.type == PlayerType.PROTOCOL
1697                or player_b.provider.domain == "universal_player"
1698            )
1699            if a_is_protocol or b_is_protocol:
1700                return True
1701
1702        return False
1703
1704    def _select_best_output_protocol(self, player: Player) -> tuple[Player, OutputProtocol | None]:
1705        """
1706        Select the best available output protocol for a player.
1707
1708        Selection priority:
1709        1. Output protocol that is currently grouped/synced with other players.
1710        2. User's preferred output protocol (from player settings).
1711        3. Native playback (if player supports PLAY_MEDIA).
1712        4. Best available protocol by priority.
1713
1714        Returns tuple of (target_player, output_protocol).
1715        output_protocol is None when using native playback.
1716        """
1717        self.logger.log(
1718            VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
1719            "Selecting output protocol for %s",
1720            player.state.name,
1721        )
1722
1723        # 1. Check if any output protocol is currently grouped
1724        for linked in player.linked_output_protocols:
1725            if protocol_player := self.get_player(linked.output_protocol_id):
1726                if protocol_player.available_for_playback and self._is_protocol_grouped(
1727                    protocol_player
1728                ):
1729                    self.logger.log(
1730                        VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
1731                        "Selected protocol for %s: %s (grouped)",
1732                        player.state.name,
1733                        protocol_player.state.name,
1734                    )
1735                    return protocol_player, linked
1736
1737        # 2. Check for user's preferred output protocol.
1738        # The value is only stored while it differs from the entry's default, which is computed
1739        # per player: "native" when a native output is available, otherwise "auto". Both of those
1740        # are handled identically by the steps below, so an absent value can safely fall through.
1741        preferred = self.mass.config.get_raw_player_config_value(
1742            player.player_id, CONF_PREFERRED_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL
1743        )
1744        if preferred and preferred != "auto":
1745            if preferred == "native":
1746                if PlayerFeature.PLAY_MEDIA in player.supported_features:
1747                    self.logger.log(
1748                        VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
1749                        "Selected protocol for %s: native (user preference)",
1750                        player.state.name,
1751                    )
1752                    return player, None
1753            else:
1754                for linked in player.linked_output_protocols:
1755                    if linked.output_protocol_id == preferred:
1756                        if protocol_player := self.get_player(linked.output_protocol_id):
1757                            if protocol_player.available_for_playback:
1758                                self.logger.log(
1759                                    VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
1760                                    "Selected protocol for %s: %s (user preference)",
1761                                    player.state.name,
1762                                    protocol_player.state.name,
1763                                )
1764                                return protocol_player, linked
1765                        break
1766
1767        # 3. Use native playback if available
1768        if PlayerFeature.PLAY_MEDIA in player.supported_features:
1769            self.logger.log(
1770                VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL, "Selected protocol for %s: native", player.state.name
1771            )
1772            return player, None
1773
1774        # 4. Fall back to best protocol by priority
1775        for linked in sorted(player.linked_output_protocols, key=lambda x: x.priority):
1776            if protocol_player := self.get_player(linked.output_protocol_id):
1777                if protocol_player.available_for_playback:
1778                    self.logger.log(
1779                        VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
1780                        "Selected protocol for %s: %s (priority-based)",
1781                        player.state.name,
1782                        protocol_player.state.name,
1783                    )
1784                    return protocol_player, linked
1785
1786        raise PlayerCommandFailed(f"Player {player.state.name} has no available output protocols")
1787
1788    def _get_control_target(
1789        self,
1790        player: Player,
1791        required_feature: PlayerFeature,
1792        require_active: bool = False,
1793    ) -> Player | None:
1794        """
1795        Get the best player(protocol) to send control commands to.
1796
1797        Prefers the active output protocol, otherwise uses the first available
1798        protocol player that supports the needed feature.
1799        """
1800        # If we have an active protocol, use that
1801        if (
1802            player.active_output_protocol
1803            and player.active_output_protocol != "native"
1804            and (protocol_player := self.mass.players.get_player(player.active_output_protocol))
1805            and required_feature in protocol_player.supported_features
1806        ):
1807            return protocol_player
1808
1809        # if the player natively supports the required feature, use that
1810        if (
1811            player.active_output_protocol == "native"
1812            and required_feature in player.supported_features
1813        ):
1814            return player
1815
1816        # If require_active is set, and no active protocol found, return None
1817        if require_active:
1818            return None
1819
1820        # if the player natively supports the required feature, use that
1821        if required_feature in player.supported_features:
1822            return player
1823        # Otherwise, use the first available linked protocol
1824        for linked in player.linked_output_protocols:
1825            if (
1826                (protocol_player := self.mass.players.get_player(linked.output_protocol_id))
1827                and protocol_player.available_for_playback
1828                and required_feature in protocol_player.supported_features
1829            ):
1830                return protocol_player
1831
1832        return None
1833
1834    def _is_protocol_grouped(self, protocol_player: Player) -> bool:
1835        """
1836        Check if a protocol player is currently grouped/synced with other players.
1837
1838        Used to prefer protocols that are actively participating in a group,
1839        ensuring consistent playback across grouped players.
1840        """
1841        is_grouped = bool(
1842            protocol_player.state.synced_to
1843            or (
1844                protocol_player.state.group_members and len(protocol_player.state.group_members) > 1
1845            )
1846            or protocol_player.state.active_group
1847        )
1848        if is_grouped:
1849            self.logger.log(
1850                VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
1851                "Protocol player %s is grouped",
1852                protocol_player.state.name,
1853            )
1854        return is_grouped
1855
1856    def _translate_members_to_remove_for_protocols(
1857        self,
1858        parent_player: Player,
1859        player_ids: list[str],
1860        parent_protocol_player: Player | None,
1861        parent_protocol_domain: str | None,
1862    ) -> tuple[list[str], list[str]]:
1863        """
1864        Translate member IDs to remove into protocol and native lists.
1865
1866        :param parent_player: The parent player to remove members from.
1867        :param player_ids: List of visible player IDs to remove.
1868        :param parent_protocol_player: The parent's protocol player if available.
1869        :param parent_protocol_domain: The parent's protocol domain if available.
1870        """
1871        self.logger.debug(
1872            "Translating members to remove for %s: player_ids=%s, parent_protocol_domain=%s",
1873            parent_player.state.name,
1874            player_ids,
1875            parent_protocol_domain,
1876        )
1877        protocol_members: list[str] = []
1878        native_members: list[str] = []
1879
1880        for child_player_id in player_ids:
1881            child_player = self.get_player(child_player_id)
1882            if not child_player:
1883                continue
1884
1885            # Check if this member is in the parent's group via protocol
1886            if parent_protocol_domain and parent_protocol_player:
1887                child_protocol = child_player.get_output_protocol_by_domain(parent_protocol_domain)
1888                if child_protocol and child_protocol.available:
1889                    # For native protocol players, use the child's player_id directly
1890                    child_protocol_id = (
1891                        child_player.player_id
1892                        if child_protocol.is_native
1893                        else child_protocol.output_protocol_id
1894                    )
1895                    if child_protocol_id in parent_protocol_player.group_members:
1896                        self.logger.debug(
1897                            "Translating removal: %s -> protocol %s",
1898                            child_player_id,
1899                            child_protocol_id,
1900                        )
1901                        protocol_members.append(child_protocol_id)
1902                        continue
1903
1904            # Check if child's protocol player is in parent's native group_members
1905            # This handles native protocol players (e.g., native AirPlay player like Apple TV)
1906            # where the parent itself contains protocol player IDs in its group_members
1907            translated = False
1908            for linked in child_player.linked_output_protocols:
1909                if linked.output_protocol_id in parent_player.group_members:
1910                    self.logger.debug(
1911                        "Translating removal (native parent): %s -> protocol %s",
1912                        child_player_id,
1913                        linked.output_protocol_id,
1914                    )
1915                    native_members.append(linked.output_protocol_id)
1916                    translated = True
1917                    break
1918
1919            if not translated:
1920                native_members.append(child_player_id)
1921
1922        return protocol_members, native_members
1923
1924    def _filter_protocol_members(self, member_ids: list[str], protocol_player: Player) -> list[str]:
1925        """Filter member IDs to only include players from the same protocol domain."""
1926        return [
1927            pid
1928            for pid in member_ids
1929            if (p := self.get_player(pid)) and p.provider.domain == protocol_player.provider.domain
1930        ]
1931
1932    def _filter_native_members(self, member_ids: list[str], parent_player: Player) -> list[str]:
1933        """Filter member IDs to only include players compatible with the parent."""
1934        return [
1935            pid
1936            for pid in member_ids
1937            if (p := self.get_player(pid))
1938            and (
1939                p.provider.instance_id == parent_player.provider.instance_id
1940                or pid in parent_player._attr_can_group_with
1941                or p.provider.instance_id in parent_player._attr_can_group_with
1942            )
1943        ]
1944
1945    def _try_child_preferred_protocol(
1946        self,
1947        child_player: Player,
1948        parent_player: Player,
1949    ) -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
1950        """
1951        Try to use child's preferred output protocol for grouping.
1952
1953        Returns tuple of (child_protocol_id, protocol_domain) or (None, None).
1954        """
1955        child_preferred = self.mass.config.get_raw_player_config_value(
1956            child_player.player_id, CONF_PREFERRED_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL
1957        )
1958        if not child_preferred or child_preferred in {"auto", "native"}:
1959            return None, None
1960
1961        # Find child's preferred protocol, with its current availability
1962        child_protocol = None
1963        for output_protocol in child_player.output_protocols:
1964            if output_protocol.output_protocol_id == child_preferred:
1965                child_protocol = output_protocol
1966                break
1967
1968        if not child_protocol or not child_protocol.available:
1969            return None, None
1970
1971        # Check if parent supports this protocol (including native protocol)
1972        parent_protocol = parent_player.get_output_protocol_by_domain(
1973            child_protocol.protocol_domain
1974        )
1975        if not parent_protocol or not parent_protocol.available:
1976            return None, None
1977
1978        # Check if this protocol supports set_members
1979        protocol_player = parent_player.get_protocol_player(parent_protocol.output_protocol_id)
1980        if (
1981            not protocol_player
1982            or PlayerFeature.SET_MEMBERS not in protocol_player.state.supported_features
1983        ):
1984            return None, None
1985
1986        return child_protocol.output_protocol_id, child_protocol.protocol_domain
1987
1988    def _can_use_native_grouping(
1989        self,
1990        child_player: Player,
1991        parent_player: Player,
1992        parent_supports_native: bool,
1993    ) -> bool:
1994        """Check if child can be grouped with parent using native grouping."""
1995        if not parent_supports_native:
1996            return False
1997        return (
1998            child_player.provider.instance_id == parent_player.provider.instance_id
1999            or child_player.player_id in parent_player._attr_can_group_with
2000            or child_player.provider.instance_id in parent_player._attr_can_group_with
2001        )
2002
2003    def _try_find_common_protocol(
2004        self, child_player: Player, parent_player: Player
2005    ) -> tuple[OutputProtocol | None, OutputProtocol | None]:
2006        """
2007        Find common protocol that supports set_members.
2008
2009        Returns tuple of (parent_protocol, child_protocol) or (None, None).
2010        """
2011        for parent_output_protocol in parent_player.output_protocols:
2012            if not parent_output_protocol.available:
2013                continue
2014            child_protocol = child_player.get_output_protocol_by_domain(
2015                parent_output_protocol.protocol_domain
2016            )
2017            if not child_protocol or not child_protocol.available:
2018                continue
2019            protocol_player = parent_player.get_protocol_player(
2020                parent_output_protocol.output_protocol_id
2021            )
2022            if protocol_player and PlayerFeature.SET_MEMBERS in protocol_player.supported_features:
2023                return parent_output_protocol, child_protocol
2024        return None, None
2025
2026    def _parent_has_live_native_session(self, parent_player: Player) -> bool:
2027        """
2028        Return True when the parent currently holds a live native playback session.
2029
2030        The active output protocol lingers for a few seconds after stop, so a non-idle
2031        playback state is required to distinguish a real session from a just-stopped one.
2032        """
2033        return parent_player.active_output_protocol == "native" and (
2034            parent_player.state.playback_state in (PlaybackState.PLAYING, PlaybackState.PAUSED)
2035        )
2036
2037    def _order_members_for_native_join(
2038        self,
2039        player_ids: list[str],
2040        parent_player: Player,
2041        parent_supports_native_grouping: bool,
2042    ) -> list[str]:
2043        """
2044        Order members so a live native session can be joined without splitting the group.
2045
2046        When the parent already holds a live native session, children that cannot group
2047        natively are evaluated first: they may force a shared protocol for the whole group,
2048        and processing them before the native-capable children lets those join that same
2049        protocol instead of being stranded in a separate native sub-group. The order is left
2050        untouched when the parent is not playing natively, so fresh-group selection is unchanged.
2051
2052        :param player_ids: The member IDs to be added, in their original order.
2053        :param parent_player: The parent player being joined.
2054        :param parent_supports_native_grouping: Whether the parent can group natively.
2055        """
2056        if not self._parent_has_live_native_session(parent_player):
2057            return player_ids
2058        return sorted(
2059            player_ids,
2060            key=lambda pid: bool(
2061                (child := self.get_player(pid))
2062                and self._can_use_native_grouping(
2063                    child, parent_player, parent_supports_native_grouping
2064                )
2065            ),
2066        )
2067
2068    def _try_join_active_native_session(
2069        self,
2070        child_player: Player,
2071        parent_player: Player,
2072        parent_protocol_domain: str | None,
2073        parent_supports_native_grouping: bool,
2074        native_members: list[str],
2075    ) -> bool:
2076        """
2077        Add the child to native_members if it can join the parent's active native session.
2078
2079        A child's preferred output protocol must only steer protocol selection when the child
2080        initiates its own playback; when it joins a parent that is already playing natively it
2081        should adopt native grouping if compatible, rather than forcing the whole group onto
2082        the child's preferred protocol. Skipped once a protocol has been selected for the group,
2083        so mixed batches stay cohesive on a single protocol.
2084
2085        :param child_player: The player being added to the group.
2086        :param parent_player: The parent player being joined.
2087        :param parent_protocol_domain: The protocol domain already selected for the group, if any.
2088        :param parent_supports_native_grouping: Whether the parent can group natively.
2089        :param native_members: The native members list to append to when the child joins.
2090        """
2091        if not (
2092            self._parent_has_live_native_session(parent_player)
2093            and not parent_protocol_domain
2094            and self._can_use_native_grouping(
2095                child_player, parent_player, parent_supports_native_grouping
2096            )
2097        ):
2098            return False
2099        native_members.append(child_player.player_id)
2100        self.logger.log(
2101            VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
2102            "Joining parent's active native session for %s",
2103            child_player.state.name,
2104        )
2105        return True
2106
2107    def _translate_native_members_to_protocol(
2108        self, parent_player: Player, protocol_domain: str, member_ids: list[str]
2109    ) -> list[str]:
2110        """
2111        Translate natively grouped members onto the protocol domain the parent plays through.
2112
2113        Members that do not have that protocol cannot follow the parent at all and are
2114        dropped with a warning instead.
2115
2116        :param parent_player: The parent player the members are grouped with.
2117        :param protocol_domain: The protocol domain selected for the group.
2118        :param member_ids: The member IDs that were selected for native grouping.
2119        """
2120        translated: list[str] = []
2121        for member_id in member_ids:
2122            member_player = self.get_player(member_id)
2123            if not member_player:
2124                continue
2125            # a native group's members may be listed by their protocol player id
2126            if member_player.protocol_parent_id:
2127                member_player = self.get_player(member_player.protocol_parent_id) or member_player
2128            member_protocol = member_player.get_output_protocol_by_domain(protocol_domain)
2129            if not member_protocol or not member_protocol.available:
2130                self.logger.warning(
2131                    "Cannot group %s with %s: the group plays through the %s protocol, "
2132                    "which %s does not support",
2133                    member_player.state.name,
2134                    parent_player.state.name,
2135                    protocol_domain,
2136                    member_player.state.name,
2137                )
2138                continue
2139            # For native protocol players, use the member's player_id directly
2140            translated.append(
2141                member_player.player_id
2142                if member_protocol.is_native
2143                else member_protocol.output_protocol_id
2144            )
2145            self.logger.log(
2146                VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
2147                "Moving %s from native grouping to the %s protocol",
2148                member_player.state.name,
2149                protocol_domain,
2150            )
2151        return translated
2152
2153    def _move_native_members_to_group_protocol(
2154        self,
2155        parent_player: Player,
2156        parent_protocol_player: Player | None,
2157        parent_protocol_domain: str | None,
2158        protocol_members: list[str],
2159        native_members: list[str],
2160    ) -> None:
2161        """
2162        Move the members selected for native grouping onto the protocol the group ended up on.
2163
2164        Does nothing unless the group ends up on one of the parent's protocols while the
2165        parent's native grouping needs the parent's own stream: only then do those members
2166        have no session left to attach to.
2167
2168        :param parent_player: The parent player being joined.
2169        :param parent_protocol_player: The protocol player selected for the group, if any.
2170        :param parent_protocol_domain: The protocol domain selected for the group, if any.
2171        :param protocol_members: The protocol member list the translated IDs are added to.
2172        :param native_members: The native member IDs, emptied when they are moved over.
2173        """
2174        if not (
2175            native_members
2176            and parent_protocol_domain
2177            and parent_protocol_player
2178            and parent_protocol_player.player_id != parent_player.player_id
2179            and parent_player.native_grouping_requires_own_stream
2180        ):
2181            return
2182        protocol_members.extend(
2183            self._translate_native_members_to_protocol(
2184                parent_player, parent_protocol_domain, native_members
2185            )
2186        )
2187        native_members.clear()
2188
2189    def _migrate_stranded_native_members(
2190        self,
2191        parent_player: Player,
2192        parent_protocol_player: Player,
2193        protocol_members: list[str],
2194    ) -> list[str]:
2195        """
2196        Move the native members that a switch to the given protocol strands onto that protocol.
2197
2198        Returns the member IDs that are still attached to the parent's own stream, so the
2199        caller can release them from it. Empty unless the parent renders that stream itself
2200        while its native grouping attaches the members to exactly that stream: only then are
2201        they left without anything to play.
2202
2203        :param parent_player: The parent player that is about to switch protocol.
2204        :param parent_protocol_player: The protocol player the parent will render through.
2205        :param protocol_members: The protocol member list the translated IDs are added to.
2206        """
2207        if parent_protocol_player.player_id == parent_player.player_id:
2208            return []
2209        if not parent_player.native_grouping_requires_own_stream:
2210            return []
2211        if parent_player.active_output_protocol not in (None, "native"):
2212            return []
2213        if parent_player.state.playback_state not in (PlaybackState.PLAYING, PlaybackState.PAUSED):
2214            return []
2215        stranded = [
2216            member_id
2217            for member_id in parent_player.group_members
2218            if member_id != parent_player.player_id
2219        ]
2220        for protocol_id in self._translate_native_members_to_protocol(
2221            parent_player, parent_protocol_player.provider.domain, stranded
2222        ):
2223            if protocol_id not in protocol_members:
2224                protocol_members.append(protocol_id)
2225        return stranded
2226
2227    async def _stop_native_session(
2228        self,
2229        parent_player: Player,
2230        parent_protocol_player: Player,
2231        stranded_native_members: list[str],
2232    ) -> None:
2233        """
2234        Release the given members from the parent's own stream and stop it.
2235
2236        :param parent_player: The parent player whose native session is handed over.
2237        :param parent_protocol_player: The protocol player taking the output over.
2238        :param stranded_native_members: The members to release, already migrated.
2239        """
2240        self.logger.debug(
2241            "Stopping the native session of %s before switching to %s, migrated members: %s",
2242            parent_player.state.name,
2243            parent_protocol_player.state.name,
2244            stranded_native_members,
2245        )
2246        # The members already joined the protocol group, so the native session only has to
2247        # release them and stop. Releasing them first also clears the native group, which
2248        # keeps a later native playback command from resurrecting it. Both calls take the
2249        # provider's own lock, so they must run one after the other.
2250        await parent_player.set_members(player_ids_to_remove=stranded_native_members)
2251        await parent_player.stop()
2252
2253    def _translate_members_for_protocols(
2254        self,
2255        parent_player: Player,
2256        player_ids: list[str],
2257        parent_protocol_player: Player | None,
2258        parent_protocol_domain: str | None,
2259    ) -> tuple[list[str], list[str], Player | None, str | None]:
2260        """
2261        Translate member IDs to protocol or native IDs.
2262
2263        Selection priority when grouping:
2264        0. If the parent is already playing natively and the child can be grouped
2265           natively, join that native session (a child joining an existing group must
2266           not force the whole group onto its own preferred output protocol)
2267        1. Try child's preferred output protocol (from player settings)
2268        2. Try parent's active output protocol (if any and child supports it)
2269        3. Try native grouping (if parent and child are compatible)
2270        4. Search for common protocol that supports set_members
2271        5. Log warning if no option works
2272
2273        Returns tuple of (protocol_members, native_members, protocol_player, protocol_domain).
2274        """
2275        protocol_members: list[str] = []
2276        native_members: list[str] = []
2277        parent_supports_native_grouping = (
2278            PlayerFeature.SET_MEMBERS in parent_player.supported_features
2279        )
2280        player_ids = self._order_members_for_native_join(
2281            player_ids, parent_player, parent_supports_native_grouping
2282        )
2283
2284        self.logger.log(
2285            VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
2286            "Translating members for %s: parent_supports_native=%s, parent_protocol=%s (%s)",
2287            parent_player.state.name,
2288            parent_supports_native_grouping,
2289            parent_protocol_player.state.name if parent_protocol_player else "none",
2290            parent_protocol_domain or "none",
2291        )
2292
2293        for child_player_id in player_ids:
2294            child_player = self.get_player(child_player_id)
2295            if not child_player:
2296                continue
2297
2298            self.logger.log(
2299                VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
2300                "Processing child %s (type=%s, protocols=%s)",
2301                child_player.state.name,
2302                child_player.state.type,
2303                [p.protocol_domain for p in child_player.output_protocols],
2304            )
2305
2306            # Priority 0: The parent is already playing natively and the child can join
2307            # that native session directly - adopt it before considering the child's own
2308            # preferred output protocol.
2309            if self._try_join_active_native_session(
2310                child_player,
2311                parent_player,
2312                parent_protocol_domain,
2313                parent_supports_native_grouping,
2314                native_members,
2315            ):
2316                continue
2317
2318            # Priority 1: Try child's preferred output protocol
2319            # (only if no active protocol or if it matches the active protocol)
2320            child_protocol_id, protocol_domain = self._try_child_preferred_protocol(
2321                child_player, parent_player
2322            )
2323            if (
2324                child_protocol_id
2325                and protocol_domain
2326                and (not parent_protocol_domain or protocol_domain == parent_protocol_domain)
2327            ):
2328                if not parent_protocol_player or parent_protocol_domain != protocol_domain:
2329                    parent_protocol = parent_player.get_output_protocol_by_domain(protocol_domain)
2330                    if parent_protocol:
2331                        parent_protocol_player = parent_player.get_protocol_player(
2332                            parent_protocol.output_protocol_id
2333                        )
2334                        parent_protocol_domain = protocol_domain
2335                protocol_members.append(child_protocol_id)
2336                self.logger.log(
2337                    VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
2338                    "Using child's preferred protocol %s for %s",
2339                    protocol_domain,
2340                    child_player.state.name,
2341                )
2342                continue
2343
2344            # Priority 2: Try parent's active output protocol (if it supports SET_MEMBERS)
2345            if parent_protocol_domain and parent_protocol_player:
2346                # Verify the active protocol supports SET_MEMBERS
2347                if PlayerFeature.SET_MEMBERS in parent_protocol_player.state.supported_features:
2348                    child_protocol = child_player.get_output_protocol_by_domain(
2349                        parent_protocol_domain
2350                    )
2351                    if child_protocol and child_protocol.available:
2352                        # For native protocol players, use the child's player_id directly
2353                        # (e.g., a native sendspin web player IS the protocol player)
2354                        child_protocol_id = (
2355                            child_player.player_id
2356                            if child_protocol.is_native
2357                            else child_protocol.output_protocol_id
2358                        )
2359                        protocol_members.append(child_protocol_id)
2360                        self.logger.log(
2361                            VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
2362                            "Using parent's active protocol %s for %s",
2363                            parent_protocol_domain,
2364                            child_player.state.name,
2365                        )
2366                        continue
2367                else:
2368                    self.logger.log(
2369                        VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
2370                        "Parent's active protocol %s does not support SET_MEMBERS, "
2371                        "will search for alternative",
2372                        parent_protocol_domain,
2373                    )
2374                    # Clear the parent protocol so Priority 4 can select a new one
2375                    parent_protocol_player = None
2376                    parent_protocol_domain = None
2377
2378            # Priority 3: Try native grouping
2379            if self._can_use_native_grouping(
2380                child_player, parent_player, parent_supports_native_grouping
2381            ):
2382                native_members.append(child_player_id)
2383                self.logger.log(
2384                    VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
2385                    "Using native grouping for %s",
2386                    child_player.state.name,
2387                )
2388                continue
2389
2390            # Priority 4: Search for common protocol that supports set_members
2391            parent_protocol, child_protocol = self._try_find_common_protocol(
2392                child_player, parent_player
2393            )
2394            if parent_protocol and child_protocol:
2395                if (
2396                    not parent_protocol_player
2397                    or parent_protocol_domain != parent_protocol.protocol_domain
2398                ):
2399                    parent_protocol_player = parent_player.get_protocol_player(
2400                        parent_protocol.output_protocol_id
2401                    )
2402                    if parent_protocol_player:
2403                        parent_protocol_domain = parent_protocol_player.provider.domain
2404                # For native protocol players, use the child's player_id directly
2405                child_protocol_id = (
2406                    child_player.player_id
2407                    if child_protocol.is_native
2408                    else child_protocol.output_protocol_id
2409                )
2410                protocol_members.append(child_protocol_id)
2411                self.logger.log(
2412                    VERBOSE_LOG_LEVEL,
2413                    "Selected common protocol %s for grouping %s with %s",
2414                    parent_protocol.protocol_domain,
2415                    child_player.state.name,
2416                    parent_player.state.name,
2417                )
2418                continue
2419
2420            # Priority 5: No option worked - log warning
2421            self.logger.warning(
2422                "Cannot group %s with %s: no compatible grouping method found "
2423                "(tried: child preferred protocol, native grouping, "
2424                "parent active protocol, common protocols)",
2425                child_player.state.name,
2426                parent_player.state.name,
2427            )
2428
2429        # Post-pass: the protocol selected for the group is only known once every child has
2430        # been processed, so the members picked for native grouping are corrected here.
2431        self._move_native_members_to_group_protocol(
2432            parent_player,
2433            parent_protocol_player,
2434            parent_protocol_domain,
2435            protocol_members,
2436            native_members,
2437        )
2438
2439        return protocol_members, native_members, parent_protocol_player, parent_protocol_domain
2440
2441    async def _forward_protocol_set_members(
2442        self,
2443        parent_player: Player,
2444        parent_protocol_player: Player,
2445        protocol_members_to_add: list[str],
2446        protocol_members_to_remove: list[str],
2447    ) -> None:
2448        """
2449        Forward protocol members to protocol player's set_members and manage active output protocol.
2450
2451        :param parent_player: The parent player (native/universal).
2452        :param parent_protocol_player: The protocol player to forward commands to.
2453        :param protocol_members_to_add: Protocol player IDs to add.
2454        :param protocol_members_to_remove: Protocol player IDs to remove.
2455        """
2456        filtered_protocol_add = self._filter_protocol_members(
2457            protocol_members_to_add, parent_protocol_player
2458        )
2459        filtered_protocol_remove = self._filter_protocol_members(
2460            protocol_members_to_remove, parent_protocol_player
2461        )
2462        self.logger.debug(
2463            "Protocol grouping on %s: filtered_add=%s, filtered_remove=%s",
2464            parent_protocol_player.state.name,
2465            filtered_protocol_add,
2466            filtered_protocol_remove,
2467        )
2468
2469        if not filtered_protocol_add and not filtered_protocol_remove:
2470            return
2471
2472        # Safety check: verify protocol player supports SET_MEMBERS
2473        if PlayerFeature.SET_MEMBERS not in parent_protocol_player.state.supported_features:
2474            self.logger.error(
2475                "Protocol player %s does not support SET_MEMBERS, cannot perform grouping. "
2476                "This should have been caught earlier in the flow.",
2477                parent_protocol_player.state.name,
2478            )
2479            return
2480
2481        # Members that ride the parent's own stream are stranded by the protocol switch below,
2482        # so they join the protocol group in this very same call and their native session is
2483        # torn down afterwards.
2484        stranded_native_members = (
2485            self._migrate_stranded_native_members(
2486                parent_player, parent_protocol_player, filtered_protocol_add
2487            )
2488            if filtered_protocol_add
2489            else []
2490        )
2491
2492        self.logger.debug(
2493            "Calling set_members on protocol player %s with add=%s, remove=%s",
2494            parent_protocol_player.state.name,
2495            filtered_protocol_add,
2496            filtered_protocol_remove,
2497        )
2498        await parent_protocol_player.set_members(
2499            player_ids_to_add=filtered_protocol_add or None,
2500            player_ids_to_remove=filtered_protocol_remove or None,
2501        )
2502
2503        # Set active output protocol on added child players
2504        if filtered_protocol_add:
2505            for child_protocol_id in filtered_protocol_add:
2506                if child_protocol := self.get_player(child_protocol_id):
2507                    if child_protocol.protocol_parent_id:
2508                        if child_player := self.get_player(child_protocol.protocol_parent_id):
2509                            if child_player.active_output_protocol != child_protocol_id:
2510                                self.logger.debug(
2511                                    "Setting active output protocol on child %s to %s",
2512                                    child_player.state.name,
2513                                    child_protocol_id,
2514                                )
2515                                child_player.set_active_output_protocol(child_protocol_id)
2516
2517        # If we added members via this protocol, set it as the active output protocol
2518        # and restart playback if currently playing AND we're switching protocols
2519        if filtered_protocol_add:
2520            previous_protocol = parent_player.active_output_protocol
2521            was_playing = parent_player.state.playback_state == PlaybackState.PLAYING
2522            # A paused player still holds its output, so the handover has to run for it
2523            # too - only the resume at the end is reserved for a player that was playing,
2524            # so adding a member does not start playback on its own.
2525            was_rendering = was_playing or parent_player.state.playback_state == (
2526                PlaybackState.PAUSED
2527            )
2528
2529            # Determine if we're switching protocols (which requires restart)
2530            # Native protocol: parent_protocol_player is the same as parent_player
2531            is_native_protocol = parent_protocol_player.player_id == parent_player.player_id
2532            already_using_native = previous_protocol in (None, "native")
2533            already_using_this_protocol = previous_protocol == parent_protocol_player.player_id
2534
2535            # Only restart if we're actually switching to a different protocol
2536            switching_protocols = not (
2537                (is_native_protocol and already_using_native) or already_using_this_protocol
2538            )
2539
2540            self.logger.debug(
2541                "Protocol grouping: is_native=%s, already_native=%s, already_this=%s, "
2542                "switching=%s, was_rendering=%s",
2543                is_native_protocol,
2544                already_using_native,
2545                already_using_this_protocol,
2546                switching_protocols,
2547                was_rendering,
2548            )
2549
2550            # Update active output protocol if not already using native
2551            if not (is_native_protocol and already_using_native):
2552                parent_player.set_active_output_protocol(parent_protocol_player.player_id)
2553
2554            # Hand the output over only if we're switching protocols
2555            if was_rendering and switching_protocols:
2556                self.logger.info(
2557                    "Handing the output of %s over to the %s protocol%s",
2558                    parent_player.state.name,
2559                    parent_protocol_player.provider.domain,
2560                    " and resuming playback" if was_playing else "",
2561                )
2562                if stranded_native_members:
2563                    await self._stop_native_session(
2564                        parent_player, parent_protocol_player, stranded_native_members
2565                    )
2566                # Collect existing members from old protocol before stopping it,
2567                # so we can re-add them to the new protocol afterwards.
2568                old_protocol_members: list[str] = []
2569                if (
2570                    previous_protocol
2571                    and previous_protocol not in (None, "native")
2572                    and (old_protocol_player := self.get_player(previous_protocol))
2573                    and old_protocol_player.player_id != parent_protocol_player.player_id
2574                ):
2575                    # Collect child members (exclude the leader itself)
2576                    old_protocol_members = [
2577                        m
2578                        for m in old_protocol_player.group_members
2579                        if m != old_protocol_player.player_id
2580                    ]
2581                    # Translate protocol IDs back to parent player IDs
2582                    old_parent_members: list[str] = []
2583                    for member_id in old_protocol_members:
2584                        if member_player := self.get_player(member_id):
2585                            parent_id = member_player.protocol_parent_id or member_id
2586                            if parent_id != parent_player.player_id:
2587                                old_parent_members.append(parent_id)
2588                    self.logger.debug(
2589                        "Stopping old protocol player %s before switching to %s, "
2590                        "migrating members: %s",
2591                        old_protocol_player.state.name,
2592                        parent_protocol_player.state.name,
2593                        old_parent_members,
2594                    )
2595                    # Use internal handler to stop the specific protocol player,
2596                    # bypassing group/sync redirect and queue redirect logic.
2597                    await self.mass.players._handle_cmd_stop(old_protocol_player.player_id)
2598                else:
2599                    old_parent_members = []
2600                # Resume playback on the new protocol and re-add migrated members.
2601                if was_playing:
2602                    await self.mass.players.cmd_resume(parent_player.player_id)
2603                if old_parent_members:
2604                    self.logger.debug(
2605                        "Re-adding migrated members %s to %s on new protocol",
2606                        old_parent_members,
2607                        parent_player.state.name,
2608                    )
2609                    # Use internal handler because we are already inside a
2610                    # _handle_set_members call chain that holds the play lock.
2611                    await self.mass.players._handle_set_members(
2612                        parent_player,
2613                        player_ids_to_add=old_parent_members,
2614                    )
2615
2616        self.logger.debug(
2617            "After set_members, protocol player %s state: group_members=%s, synced_to=%s",
2618            parent_protocol_player.state.name,
2619            parent_protocol_player.group_members,
2620            parent_protocol_player.synced_to,
2621        )
2622